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We further study the incidence relations that arise from the various subtowers, known as Baby Monster, which exist within the $\mathbb{R}^{3}$-Monster Tower. This allows us to complete the $RVT$ class spelling rules. We also present a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-07-08 Alex L. Castro , Wyatt C. Howard

The monster tower is a tower of spaces over a specified base; each space in the tower is a parameter space for curvilinear data up to a specified order. We describe and analyze a natural stratification of these spaces.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-08-21 Alex Castro , Susan Jane Colley , Gary Kennedy , Corey Shanbrom

A tower is a sequence of words alternating between two languages in such a way that every word is a subsequence of the following word. The height of the tower is the number of words in the sequence. If there is no infinite tower (a tower of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Štěpán Holub , Tomáš Masopust , Michaël Thomazo

In earlier work, we introduced the `Monster tower', a tower of fibrations associated to planar curves. We constructed an algorithm for classifying its points with respect to the equivalence relation generated by the action of the contact…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-12-17 Alex L. Castro , Richard Montgomery

A tower between two regular languages is a sequence of strings such that all strings on odd positions belong to one of the languages, all strings on even positions belong to the other language, and each string can be embedded into the next…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-10 Štěpán Holub , Galina Jirásková , Tomáš Masopust

A Bott tower of height $r$ is a sequence of projective bundles $$X_r \overset{{\pi_r}}\longrightarrow X_{r-1} \overset{\pi_{r-1}}\longrightarrow \cdots \overset{\pi_2}\longrightarrow X_1=\mathbb P^1 \overset{\pi_1} \longrightarrow…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-02-11 B. Narasimha Chary

A Bott tower is an iterated $\CP ^1$-bundle over a point, where each $\CP ^1$-bundle is the projectivization of a rank $2$ decomposable complex vector bundle. For a Bott tower, the filtered cohomology is naturally defined. We show that…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2010-06-28 Hiroaki Ishida

Two languages are separable by a piecewise testable language if and only if there exists no infinite tower between them. An infinite tower is an infinite sequence of strings alternating between the two languages such that every string is a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-13 Štěpán Holub , Tomáš Masopust , Michaël Thomazo

We consider here the problem of classifying orbits of an action of the dif- feomorphism group of 3-space on a tower of fibrations with P2-fibers that generalize the Monster Tower due to Montgomery and Zhitomirskii. As a corollary we give…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2011-07-22 Alex L. Castro , Wyatt C. Howard

In this note we show that the configuration spaces of the kinematic system constructed in [4] and [12] gives rise to a natural tower of sphere bundles. Moreover, we prove that, each tower of projective bundles associated to special multi-…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-08-08 Fernand Pelletier

The manifold hypothesis suggests that word vectors live on a submanifold within their ambient vector space. We argue that we should, more accurately, expect them to live on a pinched manifold: a singular quotient of a manifold obtained by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Alexander Jakubowski , Milica Gašić , Marcus Zibrowius

We consider a tower of function fields F_0 < F_1 < ... over a finite field such that every place of every F_i ramified in the tower and the sequence genus(F_i)/[F_i:F_0] has a finite limit. We also construct a tower in which every place…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-10-17 Iwan Duursma , Bjorn Poonen , Michael Zieve

Graded vector bundles over a given $\mathbb{Z}$-graded manifold can be defined in three different ways: certain sheaves of graded modules over the structure sheaf of the base graded manifold, finitely generated projective graded modules…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-08-28 Rudolf Smolka , Jan Vysoky

In this note we summarize our results from earlier work with the Monster Tower (A Monster Tower Approach to Goursat Multi-Flags). In particular, we give an overview of the problem of classifying the orbits within a tower of fibrations with…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-02-22 Alex Castro , Wyatt Howard

We introduce a new combinatorial object called tower diagrams and prove fundamental properties of these objects. We also introduce an algorithm that allows us to slide words to tower diagrams. We show that the algorithm is well-defined only…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-25 Olcay Coşkun , Müge Taşkın

The automorphism tower of a group is obtained by computing its automorphism group, the automorphism group of THAT group and so on, iterating transfinitely. Each group maps into the next using inner automorphisms and one takes a direct limit…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Joel David Hamkins

If $B$ is a toric manifold and $E$ is a Whitney sum of complex line bundles over $B$, then the projectivization $P(E)$ of $E$ is again a toric manifold. Starting with $B$ as a point and repeating this construction, we obtain a sequence of…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2010-04-20 Suyoung Choi , Mikiya Masuda , Dong Youp Suh

The notion of a two-dimensional word arises naturally in the study of combinatorics on words, while the iterative construction of pedal triangles results in a rich dynamical system in the study of geometry. At first, these two classes of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Taylor J. Smith

Vector bundles and double vector bundles, or $2$-fold vector bundles, arise naturally for instance as base spaces for algebraic structures such as Lie algebroids, Courant algebroids and double Lie algebroids. It is known that all these…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-05-29 Elizaveta Vishnyakova

A symplectic manifold that is obtained from the complex projective plane by k blowups is encoded by k+1 parameters: the size of the initial complex projective plane, and the sizes of the blowups. We determine which values of these…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-07-22 Yael Karshon , Liat Kessler
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