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Many studies have been conducted so far on image restoration, the problem of restoring a clean image from its distorted version. There are many different types of distortion which affect image quality. Previous studies have focused on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Masanori Suganuma , Xing Liu , Takayuki Okatani

Thesedays, Convolutional Neural Networks are widely used in semantic segmentation. However, since CNN-based segmentation networks produce low-resolution outputs with rich semantic information, it is inevitable that spatial details (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Youngeun Kim , Seunghyeon Kim , Taekyung Kim , Changick Kim

Humans can often quickly and efficiently solve complex new learning tasks given only a small set of examples. In contrast, modern artificially intelligent systems often require thousands or millions of observations in order to solve even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Christian Raymond

This paper proposes an explicit way to optimize the super-resolution network for generating visually pleasing images. The previous approaches use several loss functions which is hard to interpret and has the implicit relationships to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-02 Tomoki Yoshida , Kazutoshi Akita , Muhammad Haris , Norimichi Ukita

Recently, intermediate feature maps of pre-trained convolutional neural networks have shown significant perceptual quality improvements, when they are used in the loss function for training new networks. It is believed that these features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Taimoor Tariq , Okan Tarhan Tursun , Munchurl Kim , Piotr Didyk

Loss functions are at the heart of deep learning, shaping how models learn and perform across diverse tasks. They are used to quantify the difference between predicted outputs and ground truth labels, guiding the optimization process to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Omar Elharrouss , Yasir Mahmood , Yassine Bechqito , Mohamed Adel Serhani , Elarbi Badidi , Jamal Riffi , Hamid Tairi

Loss functions are error metrics that quantify the difference between a prediction and its corresponding ground truth. Fundamentally, they define a functional landscape for traversal by gradient descent. Although numerous loss functions…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-09 Chaitanya Kaul , Nick Pears , Hang Dai , Roderick Murray-Smith , Suresh Manandhar

Perceptual losses have emerged as powerful tools for training networks to enhance Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) images, offering an alternative to traditional pixel-wise losses such as Mean Squared Error, which often lead to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Gabriel A. Viana , Luis F. Alves Pereira , Tsang Ing Ren , George D. C. Cavalcanti , Jan Sijbers

Nowadays, deep-learning image coding solutions have shown similar or better compression efficiency than conventional solutions based on hand-crafted transforms and spatial prediction techniques. These deep-learning codecs require a large…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Shima Mohammadi , Joao Ascenso

Image colorization aims to add color information to a grayscale image in a realistic way. Recent methods mostly rely on deep learning strategies. While learning to automatically colorize an image, one can define well-suited objective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Coloma Ballester , Aurélie Bugeau , Hernan Carrillo , Michaël Clément , Rémi Giraud , Lara Raad , Patricia Vitoria

We introduce a novel loss function, Covariance Loss, which is conceptually equivalent to conditional neural processes and has a form of regularization so that is applicable to many kinds of neural networks. With the proposed loss, mappings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Boseon Yoo , Jiwoo Lee , Janghoon Ju , Seijun Chung , Soyeon Kim , Jaesik Choi

Feed-forward CNNs trained for image transformation problems rely on loss functions that measure the similarity between the generated image and a target image. Most of the common loss functions assume that these images are spatially aligned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Roey Mechrez , Itamar Talmi , Lihi Zelnik-Manor

The loss function used to train a neural network is strongly connected to its output layer from a statistical point of view. This technical report analyzes common activation functions for a neural network output layer, like linear, sigmoid,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Fernando Berzal

Semantic image segmentation, the process of classifying each pixel in an image into a particular class, plays an important role in many visual understanding systems. As the predominant criterion for evaluating the performance of statistical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Reza Azad , Moein Heidary , Kadir Yilmaz , Michael Hüttemann , Sanaz Karimijafarbigloo , Yuli Wu , Anke Schmeink , Dorit Merhof

Loss function learning is a new meta-learning paradigm that aims to automate the essential task of designing a loss function for a machine learning model. Existing techniques for loss function learning have shown promising results, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Christian Raymond , Qi Chen , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang

This article studies (multilayer perceptron) neural networks with an emphasis on the transformations involved --- both forward and backward --- in order to develop a semantical/logical perspective that is in line with standard program…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Bart Jacobs , David Sprunger

In machine learning, a loss function measures the difference between model predictions and ground-truth (or target) values. For neural network models, visualizing how this loss changes as model parameters are varied can provide insights…

Significant advances have been made recently on training neural networks, where the main challenge is in solving an optimization problem with abundant critical points. However, existing approaches to address this issue crucially rely on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Weihao Gao , Ashok Vardhan Makkuva , Sewoong Oh , Pramod Viswanath

Deep neural networks have recently advanced the state-of-the-art in image compression and surpassed many traditional compression algorithms. The training of such networks involves carefully trading off entropy of the latent representation…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-03 Maurice Weber , Cedric Renggli , Helmut Grabner , Ce Zhang

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely used for image classification in a variety of fields, including medical imaging. While most studies deploy cross-entropy as the loss function in such tasks, a growing number of approaches have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Vasileios Baltatzis , Loic Le Folgoc , Sam Ellis , Octavio E. Martinez Manzanera , Kyriaki-Margarita Bintsi , Arjun Nair , Sujal Desai , Ben Glocker , Julia A. Schnabel