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One of the current challenges of planet formation theory is to explain the enrichment of observed exoplanetary atmospheres. Past studies have focused on scenarios where either pebbles or planetesimals were the heavy element enrichment's…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-08 Claudia Danti , Bertram Bitsch , Jingyi Mah

It is difficult to imagine a planet formation model that does not at some stage include a gravitationally unstable disc. Initially unstable gas-dust discs may form planets directly, but the high surface density required has motivated the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Alexander Hubbard , Eric G. Blackman

The gravitational instability of a dust layer is one of the scenarios for planetesimal formation. If the density of a dust layer becomes sufficiently high as a result of the sedimentation of dust grains toward the midplane of a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Shugo Michikoshi , Eiichiro Kokubo , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

It is believed that satellites of giant planets form in circumplanetary disks. Many of the previous contributions assumed that their formation process proceeds similarly to rocky planet formation, via accretion of the satellite seeds,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-05 Joanna Drazkowska , Judit Szulágyi

Planet formation encompasses processes that span a remarkable 40 magnitudes in mass, ranging from collisions between micron-sized grains inherited from the ISM to the accretion of gas by giant planets. The planet formation process takes…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-18 Chris Ormel

Aims. Dust plays a crucial role in the evolution of protoplanetary disks. We study the dynamics and growth of initially sub-$\mu m$ dust particles in self-gravitating young protoplanetary disks with various strengths of turbulent viscosity.…

Pebble accretion is an emerging paradigm for the fast growth of planetary cores. Pebble flux and pebble sizes are the key parameters used in the pebble accretion models. We aim to derive the pebble sizes and fluxes from state-of-the-art…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-03 Joanna Drazkowska , Sebastian M. Stammler , Til Birnstiel

At least 30\% of main sequence stars host planets with sizes of between 1 and 4 Earth radii and orbital periods of less than 100 days. We use N-body simulations including a model for gas-assisted pebble accretion and disk--planet tidal…

In the classical core-accretion planet formation scenario, rapid inward migration and accretion timescales of kilometer size planetesimals may not favor the formation of massive cores of giant planets before the dissipation of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-26 O. M. Guilera , Zs. Sándor

Using self-consistent models of turbulent particle growth in an evolving protoplanetary nebula of solar composition we find that recently proposed local metallicity and Stokes number criteria necessary for the streaming instability to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 Paul R. Estrada , Orkan M. Umurhan

We propose a pebble-driven planet formation scenario to form giant planets with high multiplicity and large orbital distances in the early gas disk phase. We perform N-body simulations to investigate the growth and migration of low-mass…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-24 John Wimarsson , Beibei Liu , Masahiro Ogihara

The growth process of proto-planets can be sped-up by accreting a large number of solid, pebble-sized objects that are still present in the protoplanetary disc. It is still an open question on how efficient this process works in realistic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-29 Giovanni Picogna , Moritz H. R. Stoll , Wilhelm Kley

Circumstellar disks have long been regarded as windows into planetary systems. The advent of high sensitivity, high resolution imaging in the submillimetre where both the solid and gas components of disks can be detected opens up new…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-23 Brenda C. Matthews , JJ Kavelaars

Recent theoretical works suggest that the pebble accretion process is important for planet formation in protoplanetary disks, because it accelerates the growth of planetary cores. While several observations reveal axisymmetric sharp gaps in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-23 Yuki A. Tanaka , Yusuke Tsukamoto

Planetesimals form in gas-rich protoplanetary disks around young stars. However, protoplanetary disks fade in about 10 Myr. The planetesimals (and also many of the planets) left behind are too dim to study directly. Fortunately, collisions…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-17 Andrew N. Youdin , George H. Rieke

Pebble accretion has become a popular component to core accretion models of planet formation, and is especially relevant to the formation of compact, resonant terrestrial planetary systems. Pebbles initially form in the inner protoplanetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-06 Duncan H Forgan

A notable challenge of planet formation is to find a path to directly form planetesimals from small particles. We aim to understand how drifting pebbles pile up in a protoplanetary disk with a non-uniform turbulence structure. We consider a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-20 Ryuki Hyodo , Shigeru Ida , Tristan Guillot

The formation of solid macroscopic grains (pebbles) in protoplanetary discs is the first step toward planet formation. We aim to study the distribution of pebbles and the chemical composition of their ice mantles in a young protoplanetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-06 A. Topchieva , T. Molyarova , V. Akimkin , L. Maksimova , E. Vorobyov

The presence of rings and gaps in protoplanetary discs are often ascribed to planet-disc interactions, where dust and pebbles are trapped at the edges of planetary induced gas gaps. Recent work has shown that these are likely sites for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-21 L. E. J. Eriksson , T. Ronnet , A. Johansen

I review the processes that shape the evolution of protoplanetary discs around young, solar-mass stars. I first discuss observations of protoplanetary discs, and note in particular the constraints these observations place on models of disc…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Richard Alexander