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Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology offers high throughput but has a limited radio range, necessitating the use of directional antennas or beamforming systems such as massive MIMO. Path loss (PL) models using narrow-beam antennas are known…

Emerging telecommunication technologies like 5G, green communications, and massive MIMO contribute to the use of directional antennas and beamforming. For this reason, modern propagation models should consider directional antennas with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jan M. Kelner , Cezary Ziolkowski

Omni-directional pathloss, which refers to the pathloss when omni-directional antennas are used at the link ends, are essential for system design and evaluation. In the millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) and beyond bands, high gain directional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-09 Mengting Li , Fengchun Zhang , Xiang Zhang , Yejian Lyu , Wei Fan

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands are expected to be used for future 5G networks due to the availability of large unused spectrum. However, the attenuation at mmWave frequencies is high. To resolve this issue, the utilization of high…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-20 Wahab Khawaja , Ozgur Ozdemir , Fatih Erden , Ender Ozturk , Ismail Guvenc

Most propagation models do not consider the influence of antenna patterns on the parameters and characteristics of received signals. This assumption is equivalent to the use of isotropic or omnidirectional antennas in these models.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-25 Jan M. Kelner , Cezary Ziolkowski

Angle-resolved channel sounding using antenna arrays or mechanically steered high-gain antennas is widely employed at millimeter-wave and terahertz bands. To extract antenna-independent large-scale channel parameters such as path loss,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Minseok Kim , Masato Yomoda

Empirical path loss models are defined for a specific antenna system used during measurements and characterized by a particular radiation pattern and main lobe beam width. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to modifying such a model…

Millimeter wave (mm-wave) communications is considered a promising technology for 5G networks. Exploiting beamforming gains with large-scale antenna arrays to combat the increased path loss at mm-wave bands is one of its defining features.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-21 Xianghao Yu , Jun Zhang , Martin Haenggi , Khaled B. Letaief

This paper presents a novel antenna configuration to measure directions of multiple signal sources at the receiver in a THz mobile network via a single channel measurement. Directional communication is an intrinsic attribute of THz wireless…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-12 Farzam Hejazi , Katarina Vuckovic , Nazanin Rahnavard

The rollout of millimeter-wave (mmWave) cellular network enables us to realize the full potential of 5G/6G with vastly improved throughput and ultra-low latency. MmWave communication relies on highly directional transmission, which…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Peize Zhang , Pekka Kyösti , Katsuyuki Haneda , Pasi Koivumäki , Wei Fan

The use of the millimeter (mm) wave spectrum for next generation (5G) mobile communication has gained significant attention recently. The small carrier wavelengths at mmwave frequencies enable synthesis of compact antenna arrays, providing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-22 Jaspreet Singh , Sudhir Ramakrishna

This letter presents a probabilistic omnidirectional millimeter-wave path loss model based on real-world 28 GHz and 73 GHz measurements collected in New York City. The probabilistic path loss approach uses a free space line-of-sight…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Mathew K. Samimi , Theodore S. Rappaport , George R. MacCartney

In the recent evolution of wireless technologies, the power management has been a worrying factor. In order to overcome the power shortage, steps are taken to find new kind of energy harvesting methods, power attenuation reduction methods…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2012-02-22 S. Venkata Krishnan , R. Sriram , N. Senthil Kumar

This paper presents large-scale path loss models based on extensive ultra-wideband millimeter-wave propagation measurements performed at 28 GHz and 73 GHz in three typical indoor office layouts -- namely: corridor, open-plan, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-23 George R. MacCartney , Sija Deng , Theodore S. Rappaport

A method to evaluate the statistical properties of the reception angle seen at the input receiver that considers the receiving antenna pattern is presented. In particular, the impact of the direction and beamwidth of the antenna pattern on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Cezary Ziolkowski , Jan M. Kelner

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) provide an interface between the electromagnetic world of wireless propagation environments and the digital world of information science. Simple yet sufficiently accurate path loss models for RISs…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-29 Wankai Tang , Xiangyu Chen , Ming Zheng Chen , Jun Yan Dai , Yu Han , Marco Di Renzo , Shi Jin , Qiang Cheng , Tie Jun Cui

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications which essentially employ directional antennas find applications spanning from indoor short range wireless personal area networks to outdoor cellular networks. A thorough understanding of mmWave signal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Rakesh R. T. , Debarati Sen , Goutam Das

The large spectrum available in the millimeter-Wave (mmWave) band has emerged as a promising solution for meeting the huge capacity requirements of the 5th generation (5G) wireless networks. However, to fully harness the potential of mmWave…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Mojtaba Ahmadi Almasi , Hani Mehrpouyan , Vida Vakilian , Nader Behdad , Hamid Jafarkhani

Large antenna arrays and millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies have been attracting growing attention as possible candidates to meet the high requirements of future 5G mobile networks. In view of the large path loss attenuation in these…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Mattia Rebato , Laura Resteghini , Christian Mazzucco , Michele Zorzi

We introduce a model for capturing the effects of beam misdirection on coverage and throughput in a directional wireless network using stochastic geometry. In networks employing ideal sector antennas without sidelobes, we find that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-06 Jeffrey Wildman , Pedro H J Nardelli , Matti Latva-aho , Steven Weber
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