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The nature of the so-called ``changing-look'' (CL) active galactic nucleus (AGN), which is characterized by spectral-type transitions within $\sim10$~yr, remains an open question. As the first in our series of studies, we here attempt to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-22 J. Wang , W. K. Zheng , T. G. Brink , D. W. Xu , A. V. Filippenko , C. Gao , C. H. Xie , J. Y. Wei

Continuum reverberation mapping probes the size scale of the optical continuum-emitting region in active galactic nuclei (AGN). The source of this emission has long been thought to originate from the accretion disk, but recent studies…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-11 Jake A. Miller , Edward M. Cackett , Misty C. Bentz , Michael R. Goad , Kirk T. Korista , Ian M. McHardy

The results of recent AGN monitoring campaigns confirm the ``big picture'' of the echo paradigm, but the details of the emission-line light curves cannot be accurately reproduced with only the simplest assumptions, some of which must be…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dan Maoz

We present a long temporal baseline variability survey in the Frontier Field MACSJ1149. In this study, we identify active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and other transient sources via their variability using over a decade of Hubble Space Telescope…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-05-27 John Della Costa , Vicki L. Sarajedini , Louis-Gregory Strolger

The continuum variability of optically selected Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is found to be consistent with that expected from a simple Poissonian process, in which the total luminosity of an object is produced by the multiple superposition…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Itziar Aretxaga

The spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are often characterized by a wealth of emission lines with different profiles and intensity ratios that led to a complicated classification. Their electro-magnetic radiation spans more than 10…

Changing-Look Active Galactic Nuclei (CLAGN) are characterised by extreme variations in line emission over short timescales, mostly affecting broad H$\beta$ lines. While a few hundred CLAGN are known, a complete sample of turn-on CLAGN is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-31 Neelesh Amrutha , Christian Wolf , Christopher A. Onken , Wei Jeat Hon , Samuel Lai , John L. Tonry , Rachel Webster

The broad emission lines (BELs) in active galactic nuclei (AGN) respond to ionizing continuum variations. The time and velocity dependence of their response depends on the structure of the broad-line region: its geometry, kinematics and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-07-26 S. W. Mangham , C. Knigge , J. H. Matthews , K. S. Long , S. A. Sim , N. Higginbottom

In a previous paper, we studied two statistical methods used to analyse the variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs): the C and F statistics. Applying them to observed differential light-curves of 39 AGNs, we found that, even though the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-09-02 L. Zibecchi , I. Andruchow , S. A. Cellone , D. D. Carpintero

The changing-look active galactic nucleus (CL-AGN), an extraordinary subpopulation of supermassive black holes, has attracted growing attention for understanding its nature. We present an analysis of the spectral properties of 203…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-13 Yu-Heng Shen , Kai-Xing Lu , Wei-Jian Guo , Sha-Sha Li , Hai-Cheng Feng , Zhang Yue , Wen-Zhe Xi , Jian-Guo Wang , Jin-Ming Bai

We present a numerical framework for the variability of active galactic nuclei (AGN), which links the variability of AGN over a broad range of timescales and luminosities to the observed properties of the AGN population as a whole, and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-10-09 Lia F. Sartori , Benny Trakhtenbrot , Kevin Schawinski , Neven Caplar , Ezequiel Treister , Ce Zhang

Recent observations have revealed an interesting active galactic nuclei (AGN) subclass that shows strong activity at large scales ($\sim1$ kpc) but weaker at small scales ($<10$ pc), suggesting a strong change in the mass accretion rate of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-10-26 J. Pflugradt , K. Ichikawa , M. Akiyama , M. Kokubo , B. Vijarnwannaluk , H. Noda , X. Chen

It is known that some active galactic nuclei (AGNs) transited from type 1 to type 2 or vice versa. There are two explanations for the so-called changing look AGNs: one is the dramatic change of the obscuration along the line-of-sight, the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-09-01 Zhenfeng Sheng , Tinggui Wang , Ning Jiang , Chenwei Yang , Lin Yan , Liming Dou , Bo Peng

X-ray observations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) show variability on timescales ranging from a few hours up to a few days. Some of this variability may be associated with occultation events by clouds in the broad line region. In this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-08-08 E. S. Kammoun , F. Marin , M. Dovciak , E. Nardini , G. Risaliti , M. Sanfrutos

We develop models for time lag between maxima of the source brightness in different wavelengths during a transient flash of luminosity connected with a short period of increase of the mass flux onto the central compact object. We derive a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-01 G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan , F. Giovannelli

Radiation from the blazar class of of active galactic nuclei (AGN) exhibits fast time variability which is usually ascribed to instabilities in the emission region near the central supermassive black hole. The variability time scale is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-16 Kenji Nakagawa , Masaki Mori

Changing-look active galactic nuclei (CLAGNs) are known to change their spectral type between 1 and 2 (changing-state) or change their absorption between Compton-thick and Compton-thin (changing-obscuration) on timescales of years or less.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-17 Bing Lyu , Zhen Yan , Xue-bing Wu , Qingwen Wu , Wenfei Yu , Hao Liu

We examine the continuum variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) by analyzing the multi-epoch spectroscopic data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. To achieve this, we utilized approximately 2 million spectroscopy pairwise combinations…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-13 Minjin Kim , Suyeon Son , Luis C. Ho

Variability is a property shared by virtually all active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and was adopted as a criterion for their selection using data from multi epoch surveys. Low Luminosity AGNs (LLAGNs) are contaminated by the light of their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Trevese , K. Boutsia , F. Vagnetti , E. Cappellaro , S. Puccetti

Over the next ten years, the Vera C.\ Rubin Observatory (VRO) will observe $\sim$10 million active galactic nuclei (AGN) with a regular and high cadence. During this time, the intensities of most of these AGN will fluctuate stochastically.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-12-20 Cyril Creque-Sarbinowski , Marc Kamionkowski , Bei Zhou