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We analyze electron flux maps based on RHESSI hard X-ray imaging spectroscopy data for a number of extended coronal loop flare events. For each event, we determine the variation of the characteristic loop length $L$ with electron energy…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Jingnan Guo , A. Gordon Emslie , Michele Piana

We investigated the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic structures and dynamics responsible for particle acceleration in an X7.1-class flare that occurred on October 1, 2024, in NOAA active region 13842. We combined stereoscopic hard X-ray…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-11 Keitarou Matsumoto , Satoshi Inoue , Meiqi Wang , Säm Krucker , Satoshi Masuda , Muriel Zoë Stiefel , Jeongwoo Lee , Bin Chen , Haimin Wang

[Abridged]We present analysis of a pair of unusually energetic coronal hard X-ray (HXR) sources detected by RHESSI during the impulsive phase of an X3.9 class solar flare on 2003 November 3, which simultaneously shows two intense footpoint…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Qingrong Chen , Vahe Petrosian

In the laboratory study of extreme conditions of temperature and density, the exposure of matter to high intensity radiation sources has been of central importance. Here we interrogate the performance of multi-layered targets in experiments…

A compact X-class flare on 2004-Feb-26 showed a concentrated source of hard X-rays at the tops of the flare's loops. This was analyzed in previous work (Longcope et al. 2010), and interpreted as plasma heated and compressed by slow…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-28 Dana Longcope , Jiong Qiu , Jasmine Brewer

We investigate the thermal properties of a solar flare by the observations of soft X-ray Telescope (XRT) on board Hinode and the Atmospheric Image Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO/AIA). Our analysis reveals a tenuous…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-22 Xiaoyan Xie , Anna Chen , Crisel Suarez , Katharine K. Reeves , Soumya Roy , Christopher S. Moore , Nishu Karna , Joy Velasquez

The detailed knowledge of plasma heating and acceleration region properties presents a major observational challenge in solar flare physics. Using the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), the high temperature differential…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-02 Natasha Jeffrey , Eduard Kontar , Brian Dennis

With the elementary energy release events introduced in a previous paper (Liu & Fletcher 2009) we model the chromospheric evaporation in flaring loops. The thick-target hard X-ray (HXR) emission produced by electrons escaping from the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Siming Liu , Feiran Han , Lyndsay Fletcher

Recently, a number of peculiar flares have been reported, which demonstrate significant non-thermal particle signatures with a low, if any, thermal emission, that implies close association of the observed emission with the primary energy…

Solar flares produce hard X-ray emission of which the photon spectrum is often represented by a combination of thermal and power-law distributions. However, the estimates of the number and total energy of non-thermal electrons are sensitive…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 M. Oka , S. Ishikawa , P. Saint-Hilaire , S. Krucker , R. P. Lin

We analyze a Chandra-HETGS observation of the single G-type giant HR 9024. The high flux allows us to examine spectral line and continuum diagnostics at high temporal resolution, to derive plasma parameters (thermal distribution,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paola Testa , David Garcia-Alvarez , Fabio Reale , David Huenemoerder

Solar flares are 3D phenomenon but modelling a flare in 3D, including many of the important processes in the chromosphere, is a computational challenge. Accurately modelling the chromosphere is important, even if the transition region and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-02 Graham S. Kerr , Joel C. Allred , Vanessa Polito

The energy released during solar flares is believed to be stored in non-potential magnetic fields associated with electric currents flowing in the corona. While no measurements of coronal electric currents are presently available, maps of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-19 Sophie Musset , Nicole Vilmer , Véronique Bommier

We perform MHD modeling of a single bright coronal loop to include the interaction with a non-uniform magnetic field. The field is stressed by random footpoint rotation in the central region and its energy is dissipated into heating by…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-12 F. Reale , S. Orlando , M. Guarrasi , A. Mignone , G. Peres , A. W. Hood , E. R. Priest

Recent measurements of vertical extents and positions of the chromospheric hard X-ray (HXR) flare sources based on Ramaty High-Energy Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) observations show a significant inconsistency with the theoretical…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 Z. Moravec , M. Varady , J. Kasparova , D. Kramolis

Nonthermal electrons accelerated in solar flares produce electromagnetic emission in two distinct, highly complementary domains - hard X-rays (HXRs) and microwaves (MWs). This paper reports MW imaging spectroscopy observations from the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-29 Natsuha Kuroda , Gregory D. Fleishman , Dale E. Gary , Gelu M. Nita , Bin Chen , Sijie Yu

Context: The common flare scenario comprises an acceleration site in the corona and particle transport to the chromosphere. Using satellites available to date it has become possible to distinguish between the two processes of acceleration…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-19 Marina Battaglia , Arnold O. Benz

Hard x-ray spectral breaks are explained in terms of a 1D model with a co-spatial return current. We study 19 flares observed by RHESSI (Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager) with strong spectral breaks at energies around a few…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-08 Meriem Alaoui , Gordon Holman

The well-established notion of a "common population" of the accelerated electrons simultaneously producing the hard X-ray (HXR) and the microwave (MW) emission during the flare impulsive phase has been challenged by some studies reporting…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-10 Natsuha Kuroda , Dale E. Gary , Haimin Wang , Gregory Fleishman , Gelu M. Nita , Ju Jing

We conduct a detailed analysis of an M1.3 limb flare occurring on 2017 July 3, which have the X-ray observations recorded by multiple hard X-ray telescopes, including Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT), Ramaty High Energy Solar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-05-04 Ping Zhang , Wei Wang , Yang Su , Shuangnan Zhang , Liming Song , Fangjun Lu , Shu Zhang