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Related papers: On the Penrose inequality along null hypersurfaces

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We establish mass lower bounds of Penrose-type in the setting of $3$-dimensional initial data sets for the Einstein equations satisfying the dominant energy condition, which are either asymptotically flat or asymptotically hyperboloidal.…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-04-16 Brian Allen , Edward Bryden , Demetre Kazaras , Marcus Khuri

The Penrose-Gibbons inequality for charged black holes is proved in spherical symmetry, assuming that outside the black hole there are no current sources, meaning that the charge e is constant, with the remaining fields satisfying the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-19 Sean A. Hayward

The Penrose inequality in Minkowski is a geometric inequality relating the total outer null expansion and the area of closed, connected and spacelike codimension-two surfaces S in the Minkowski spacetime, subject to an additional convexity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-16 Marc Mars , Alberto Soria

We prove the Penrose inequality with angular momentum for asymptotically flat, axisymmetric vacuum initial data sets containing a stable marginally outer trapped surface. This inequality provides a lower bound for the ADM mass in terms of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-05 Da Xu

We obtain an energy inequality on null surfaces $u=const$ in the Bondi-Sachs formalism. We show that for a sufficiently regular event horizon $H$ there is an affine radial coordinate which is constant on $H$. Then the energy inequality can…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-12 Jacek Tafel

A new approach to space-time asymptotics is presented, refining Penrose's idea of conformal transformations with infinity represented by the conformal boundary of space-time. Generalizing examples such as flat and Schwarzschild space-times,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Sean A. Hayward

The Riemannian Penrose inequality (RPI) bounds from below the ADM mass of asymptotically flat manifolds of nonnegative scalar curvature in terms of the total area of all outermost compact minimal surfaces. The general form of the RPI is…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-12-10 Jeffrey L. Jauregui

We demonstrate that the Penrose inequality is valid for spherically symmetric geometries even when the horizon is immersed in matter. The matter field need not be at rest. The only restriction is that the source satisfies the weak energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Edward Malec , Niall Ó Murchadha

Since the late1950s, almost all discussions of Asymptotically Flat (Einstein-Maxwell) Space-Times have taken place in the context of Penrose's Null Infinity, $\mathcal{I}^{+}.$\ $\ $In addition,\ almost all calculations have used the Bondi…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-31 Ezra T. Newman

In the asymptotically locally hyperbolic setting it is possible to have metrics with scalar curvature at least -6 and negative mass when the genus of the conformal boundary at infinity is positive. Using inverse mean curvature flow, we…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-10-14 Dan A. Lee , André Neves

Roger Penrose introduced the concept of the trapped surface: a spacelike hypersurface where the two null normals have negative expansion. The trapped surface along with the null convergence condition leads to null geodesic incompleteness.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-15 Eleni-Alexandra Kontou

In a recent work we have proved a weaker version of the Penrose inequality with angular momentum, in axially symmetric space-times, for a compact and connected minimal surface. In this previous work we use the monotonicity of Geroch energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-02-24 Pablo Anglada

We use the inverse mean curvature flow to establish Penrose-type inequalities for time-symmetric Einstein-Maxwell initial data sets which can be suitably embedded as a hypersurface in Euclidean space $\mathbb R^{n+1}$, $n\geq 3$. In…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-01-07 Levi Lopes de Lima , Frederico Girão , Weslley Lozório , Juscelino Silva

The Riemannian Penrose inequality is a fundamental result in mathematical relativity. It has been a long-standing conjecture of G. Huisken that an analogous result should hold in the context of extrinsic geometry. In this paper, we resolve…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Michael Eichmair , Thomas Koerber

We give a conjecture on the lower bound of the ADM mass $M$ by using the null energy condition. The conjecture includes a Penrose-like inequality $3M\geq\kappa\mathcal{A}/(4\pi)+\sqrt{\mathcal{A}/4\pi}$ and the Penrose inequality $…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-02 Run-Qiu Yang , Li Li , Rong-Gen Cai

Various works have suggested that the Bondi--Sachs--Penrose decay conditions on the gravitational field at null infinity are not generally representative of asymptotically flat space--times. We have made a detailed analysis of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Lars Andersson , Piotr T. Chrusciel

We give a simplified approach to Kunzinger & Saemann's theory of Lorentzian length spaces in the globally hyperbolic case; these provide a nonsmooth framework for general relativity. We close a gap in the regularly localizable setting, by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-26 Robert J. McCann

We prove a sharp inequality for hypersurfaces in the n-dimensional Anti-deSitter-Schwarzschild manifold for general n greater or equal to 3. This inequality generalizes the classical Minkowski inequality for surfaces in the three…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-07-22 Simon Brendle , Pei-Ken Hung , Mu-Tao Wang

We relate Bondi systems near space-like infinity to another type of gauge conditions. While the former are based on null infinity, the latter are defined in terms of Einstein propagation, the conformal structure, and data on some Cauchy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 H. Friedrich , J. Kannar

We consider versions of the Penrose singularity theorem and the Hawking horizon topology theorem in weighted spacetimes that contain weighted versions of trapped surfaces, for arbitrary spacetime dimension and synthetic dimension. We find…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-03 Eric Ling , Argam Ohanyan , Eric Woolgar