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Given pseudo-random binary sequence of length $L$, assuming it consists of $k$ sub-sequences of length $N$. We estimate how $k$ scales with growing $N$ to obtain a {\it limiting} ergodic behaviour, to fulfill the basic definition of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-04-22 M. Süzen

Let $(X,\mu)$ be a probability space equipped with an invertible, measure-preserving transformation $T\colon X \to X$. We exhibit a wide class of weights $w$ so that whenever $f,g \in L^{\infty}(X)$, the bilinear ergodic averages \[…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Jan Fornal , Ben Krause

We establish pointwise almost everywhere convergence for the polynomial multiple ergodic averages $$\frac{1}{N} \sum_{n=1}^N \La(n) f_1(T^{P_1(n)} x)\cdots f_k(T^{P_k(n)} x)$$ as $N\to \infty$, where $\La$ is the von Mangoldt function, $T…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-05-22 Renhui Wan

We extend almost everywhere convergence in Wiener-Wintner ergodic theorem for $\sigma$-finite measure to a generally stronger almost uniform convergence and present a larger, universal, space for which this convergence holds. We then extend…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-03-25 Vladimir Chilin , Semyon Litvinov

We obtain new results pertaining to convergence and recurrence of multiple ergodic averages along functions from a Hardy field. Among other things, we confirm some of the conjectures posed by Frantzikinakis in [Fra10; Fra16] and obtain…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Vitaly Bergelson , Joel Moreira , Florian K. Richter

Many data-driven algorithms in dynamical systems rely on ergodic averages that converge painfully slowly. One simple idea changes this: taper the ends. Weighted Birkhoff averages can converge much faster (sometimes superpolynomially, even…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Maria Bou-Sakr-El-Tayar , Jason J. Bramburger , Matthew J. Colbrook

Von Neumann's original proof of the ergodic theorem is revisited. A uniform convergence rate is established under the assumption that one can control the density of the spectrum of the underlying self-adjoint operator when restricted to…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-03-03 Jonathan Ben-Artzi , Baptiste Morisse

The complete convergence for weighted sums of sequences of independent, identically distributed random variables under sublinear expectations space was studied. By moment inequality and truncation methods, we establish the equivalent…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-08-30 Mingzhou Xu , Kun Cheng

Let $a_n$ be the random increasing sequence of natural numbers which takes each value independently with decreasing probability of order $n^{-\alpha}$, $0 < \alpha < 1/2$. We prove that, almost surely, for every measure-preserving system…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-08-18 Ben Krause , Pavel Zorin-Kranich

We prove long variational estimates for the bilinear ergodic averages \[ A_{N;X}(f,g)(x) = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{n=1}^N f(T^{\lfloor \sqrt{n} \rfloor}x) g(T^nx) \] on an arbitrary measure preserving system $(X,\mu,T)$ for the full expected…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-11-13 Maximilian O'Keeffe

We study non-stationary averaging processes, where each term of a sequence is a weighted average of previous terms, namely $a_{n+1} = \sum_{j=1}^n p_n(j) a_j$. Our results extend classical theory in two distinct regimes. First, we prove a…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-18 Saba Lepsveridze , Elchanan Mossel

Many data sources are naturally modeled by multiple weight assignments over a set of keys: snapshots of an evolving database at multiple points in time, measurements collected over multiple time periods, requests for resources served at…

Databases · Computer Science 2010-11-11 Edith Cohen , Haim Kaplan , Subhabrata Sen

Properties of weighted averages are studied for the general case that the individual measurements are subject to hidden correlations and have asymmetric statistical as well as systematic errors. Explicit expressions are derived for an…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael Schmelling

We establish convergence in norm and pointwise almost everywhere for the non-conventional (in the sense of Furstenberg) bilinear polynomial ergodic averages \[ A_N(f,g)(x) := \frac{1}{N} \sum_{n =1}^N f(T^nx) g(T^{P(n)}x)\] as $N \to…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-01-24 Ben Krause , Mariusz Mirek , Terence Tao

We consider self-averaging sequences in which each term is a weighted average over previous terms. For several sequences of this kind it is known that they do not converge to a limit. These sequences share the property that $n$th term is…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-10-04 Eric Cator , Henk Don

The familiar cascade measures are sequences of random positive measures obtained on $[0,1]$ via $b$-adic independent cascades. To generalize them, this paper allows the random weights invoked in the cascades to take real or complex values.…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-10-22 Julien Barral , Xiong Jin , Beno\^{ı}t Mandelbrot

We prove a generalization of van der Corput's difference theorem for sequences of vectors in a Hilbert space. This generalization is obtained by establishing a connection between sequences of vectors in the first Hilbert space with a vector…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-07-06 Sohail Farhangi

We show that on a $\sigma$-finite measure preserving system $X = (X,\nu, T)$, the non-conventional ergodic averages $$ \mathbb{E}_{n \in [N]} \Lambda(n) f(T^n x) g(T^{P(n)} x)$$ converge pointwise almost everywhere for $f \in L^{p_1}(X)$,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-01-26 Ben Krause , Hamed Mousavi , Terence Tao , Joni Teräväinen

In federated learning, differences in the data or objectives between the participating nodes motivate approaches to train a personalized machine learning model for each node. One such approach is weighted averaging between a locally trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Felix Grimberg , Mary-Anne Hartley , Sai P. Karimireddy , Martin Jaggi

Random metastability occurs when an externally forced or noisy system possesses more than one state of apparent equilibrium. This work investigates a class of random dynamical systems, arising from perturbing a one-dimensional piecewise…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-10-27 Cecilia González-Tokman , Joshua Peters
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