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We derive the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization for heavy quark pair production in deep inelastic scattering, where the total transverse momentum is much smaller than the invariant mass of the pair. The factorization is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-17 Ruilin Zhu , Peng Sun , Feng Yuan

We report a complete computation of next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) helicity and transversity Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) splitting functions, in both space-like and time-like kinematics. These results are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-31 Yu Jiao Zhu

The semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) is the golden process for investigating the nucleon's transverse momentum-dependent (TMD) structure. We present the complete expression for SIDIS structure functions in the TMD…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-01-15 Simone Rodini , Alexey Vladimirov

We compute the twist-2 matching of the transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) linearly polarized gluon parton distribution and fragmentation functions at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO) in QCD, supplemented by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-07 Yu Jiao Zhu

In this paper we calculate analytically the perturbative matching coefficients for unpolarized quark and gluon Transverse-Momentum-Dependent (TMD) Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) and Fragmentation Functions (FFs) through…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-07-07 Ming-xing Luo , Tong-Zhi Yang , Hua Xing Zhu , Yu Jiao Zhu

We present a new method to compute the soft function for the $N$-Jettiness variable for arbitrary $N$ at high perturbative orders in QCD. It is based on the observation that the most singular part of the soft function, the dipole…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-16 Luca Buonocore , Maximilian Delto , Kirill Melnikov , Pier Francesco Monni , Andrey Pikelner , Gherardo Vita

We calculate the soft function for the global event variable 1-jettiness at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD. We focus specifically on the non-Abelian contribution, which, unlike the Abelian part, is not determined by the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-04-18 John M. Campbell , R. Keith Ellis , Roberto Mondini , Ciaran Williams

Within the framework of a high-twist approach, we calculate the next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD corrections to the transverse momentum broadening in semi-inclusive hadron production in deeply inelastic $e+A$ collisions, as well…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-03-19 Zhong-Bo Kang , Enke Wang , Xin-Nian Wang , Hongxi Xing

Transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions, also abbreviated as TMDs, offer a three-dimensional picture of hadrons by taking the intrinsic transverse momentum of the parton into consideration. Hence, they are very important…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-12-03 Xiao Liu , Wenjuan Mao , Xiaoyu Wang , Bo-Qiang Ma

We initiate the study of transverse momentum-dependent (TMD) fragmentation functions for heavy quarks, demonstrate their factorization in terms of novel nonperturbative matrix elements in heavy-quark effective theory (HQET), and prove new…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-10-06 Rebecca von Kuk , Johannes K. L. Michel , Zhiquan Sun

With a consistent definition of transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) light-cone wave function, we show that the amplitude for the process $\gamma^* \pi^0 \to\gamma$ can be factorized when the virtuality of the initial photon is large. In…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 J. P. Ma , Q. Wang

We revisit the calculation of perturbative quark transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions using the exponential regulator for rapidity divergences. We show that the exponential regulator…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-01-08 Ming-Xing Luo , Xing Wang , Xiaofeng Xu , Li Lin Yang , Tong-Zhi Yang , Hua Xing Zhu

We propose the $pp \rightarrow \text{jet} + \gamma $ as a new process for studying the Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distribution Functions (TMDs). To do so, we developed a novel framework for the jet-$\gamma$ imbalance in $pp…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-12-19 Maarten G. A. Buffing , Zhong-Bo Kang , Kyle Lee , Xiaohui Liu

Soft-gluon resolution scales characterize parton branching Monte Carlo implementations of the evolution equations for parton distribution functions in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). We examine scenarios with dynamical, i.e., branching-scale…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-11 F. Hautmann , L. Keersmaekers , A. Lelek , S. Sadeghi Barzani , S. Taheri Monfared

We study the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) evolution of the Collins azimuthal asymmetries in $e^+e^-$ annihilations and semi-inclusive hadron production in deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes. All the relevant coefficients are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-01-20 Zhong-Bo Kang , Alexei Prokudin , Peng Sun , Feng Yuan

We calculate the soft-gluon corrections for $tW$ production to all orders. The soft limit is defined in the pair invariant mass or one particle inclusive kinematic schemes. We find that at NLO the contribution of the soft-gluon effect…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-06-26 Chong Sheng Li , Hai Tao Li , Ding Yu Shao , Jian Wang

The Drell-Yan process provides important information on the internal structure of hadrons including transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs). In this work we present calculations for all leading twist structure…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-24 S. Bastami , L. Gamberg , B. Parsamyan , B. Pasquini , A. Prokudin , P. Schweitzer

A reanalysis of collinear factorization for inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering shows that a novel, non perturbative spin-flip term associated with the invariant mass of the produced hadrons couples, at large enough Bjorken $x_B$, to the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-08-03 Alberto Accardi , Andrea Signori

Polarised Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) processes allow to study Transverse Momentum Dependent partonic distributions (TMDs), which reveal a non trivial three dimensional internal structure of the hadrons in momentum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-20 M. Anselmino , M. Boglione , U. D'Alesio , S. Melis , F. Murgia , A. Prokudin

The color gauge-invariant transverse momentum dependent (TMD) quark correlators contain process dependent gauge links in the bilocal matrix elements. In this paper, we split these process dependent correlators into universal TMD…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-05-30 M. G. A. Buffing , A. Mukherjee , P. J. Mulders