Related papers: Experiment summary
A general overview on the role of heavy quarks as probes of the medium formed in high energy nuclear collisions is presented. Experimental data compared to model calculations at low and moderate pT are exploited to extract information on…
The hot and dense QCD matter, known as the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), is explored through heavy-ion collision experiments at the LHC and RHIC. Jets and heavy flavors, produced from the initial hard scattering, are used as hard probes to…
Hadrons carrying heavy quarks, i.e. charm or bottom, are important probes of the hot and dense medium created in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Heavy quark-antiquark pairs are mainly produced in initial hard scattering processes of…
A review of hard-scattering and jet analysis in p-p and heavy ion collisions at RHIC is presented in the context of earlier work at the CERN ISR in the 1970's which utilized inclusive single or pairs of hadrons to establish that high…
In view of possible photoproduction studies in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions at the LHC, we briefly review the present theoretical understanding of photons and hard photoproduction processes at HERA, discussing the production of…
Heavy flavor production is an ideal tool to study the properties of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). The heavy flavor production at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has its unique kinematic coverage and different production…
Heavy-flavour quarks, due to their large masses, are produced in the early stages of the relativistic heavy-ion collisions via initial hard scatterings. Therefore, as they experience the full system evolution, heavy quarks are effective…
Recent results on the use of hard probes in heavy ion collisions by the STAR experiment at RHIC are reviewed. The increased statistical reach from RHIC run 4 and utilization of the full capabilities of the STAR experiment have led to a…
Hard processes in collider experiments typically produce QCD jets, which have long served as precision tests of QCD in the vacuum. More recently, heavy-ion programs at RHIC and the LHC have offered a novel perspective on jets, establishing…
Open heavy-flavour and quarkonia measurements are important tools to study the hot and dense partonic medium formed in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The modification of their production in those collisions, with respect to the pp…
Multiple hard interactions of partons in the same p+p(\bar p) collision are a useful concept in the description of these collisions at collider energies. In particular, they play a crucial role for the understanding of the background (the…
We discuss experimental features of identified particle production from nucleus-nucleus collisions. These features reflect hadronization from a deconfined partonic matter whose particle formation scheme is distinctly different from…
The present knowledge on hard processes in the context of heavy ion collisions is reviewed, with particular emphasis on J/psi production. The p-A data on charmonia production from Fermilab experiments is shown to be in excelent agreement…
Hard processes leading to high transverse momentum hadron production are calculable in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) for proton-proton collisions. In heavy-ion collisions, such processes occur as well, and due to a separation…
RHIC data opens new ways of characterizing the medium created in a heavy ion collision by measuring particles with high transverse momentum. In addition to the observation of the predicted jet quenching, the new data on particle…
Jets in hadron collisions are very complicated with a long learning curve replete with errors. In relativistic heavy ion (RHI) collisions, it is likely that jets will be much more complicated with an even longer and more difficult learning…
Hard-jet correlations probe parton energy loss and the microscopic structure of the quark-gluon plasma formed in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The correlation of high-$p_\mathrm{T}$ jets with other jets, hadrons, or electroweak…
Heavy quarks (charm and beauty) are produced early in the nucleus-nucleus collisions, and heavy flavor survives throughout the later stages. Measurements of heavy-flavor quarks thus provide us with means to understand the properties of the…
High energy heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) produce a novel medium characterized by an initial energy density over an order of magnitude above the expected phase transformation value and that then evolves…
Soft-hadron measurements in high-energy collisions of small systems like p-Pb and d-Au show peculiar qualitative features (long-range rapidity correlations, flattening of the $p_T$-spectra with increasing hadron mass and centrality,…