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We study the problem of imposing Dirichlet-like boundary conditions along a static spatial curve, in a planar Noncommutative Quantum Field Theory model. After constructing interaction terms that impose the boundary conditions, we discuss…
Measurements take a singular role in quantum theory. While they are often idealized as an instantaneous process, this is in conflict with all other physical processes in nature. In this Letter, we adopt a standpoint where the interaction…
Losses are ubiquitous and unavoidable in nature inhibiting the performance of most optical processes. Manipulating losses to adjust the dissipation of photons is analogous to braking a running car that is as important as populating photons…
We consider for the full time-dependent Maxwell's equations the inverse problem of identifying locations and certain properties of small electromagnetic inhomogeneities in a homogeneous background medium from dynamic boundary measurements…
With reference to a binary outcome and a binary mediator, we derive identification bounds for natural effects under a reduced set of assumptions. Specifically, no assumptions about confounding are made that involve the outcome; we only…
The presence of non-local and long-range interactions in quantum systems induces several peculiar features in their equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium behavior. In current experimental platforms control parameters such as interaction range,…
A quantum neutral particle, constrained to move on a conical surface, is used as a toy model to explore bound states due to both a inverse squared distance potential and a $\delta$-function potential, which appear naturally in the model.…
Common-sense physical reasoning is an essential ingredient for any intelligent agent operating in the real-world. For example, it can be used to simulate the environment, or to infer the state of parts of the world that are currently…
If a robotic agent wants to exploit symbolic planning techniques to achieve some goal, it must be able to properly ground an abstract planning domain in the environment in which it operates. However, if the environment is initially unknown…
In numerical ocean models coast lines change the direction from one grid cell to its neighbor and the value for viscosity is set to be as small as possible. Therefore, model simulations are not converged with resolution and boundary…
The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence has led to expectations of transformative impact on science, yet current systems remain fundamentally limited in enabling genuine scientific discovery. This perspective contends that progress…
Spontaneous symmetry breaking is central to our understanding of physics and explains many natural phenomena, from cosmic scales to subatomic particles. Its use for applications requires devices with a high level of symmetry, but engineered…
We consider a class of nonlocal Cahn-Hilliard equations in a bounded domain $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{d}$ $(d\in\{2,3\})$, subject to a nonlocal kinetic rate dependent dynamic boundary condition. This diffuse interface model describes phase…
A realistic human kinematic model that satisfies anatomical constraints is essential for human-robot interaction, biomechanics and robot-assisted rehabilitation. Modeling realistic joint constraints, however, is challenging as human arm…
We study analytically how noninteracting weakly active particles, for which passive Brownian diffusion cannot be neglected and activity can be treated perturbatively, distribute and behave near boundaries in various geometries. In…
In the theory of point interactions, one is given a formal expression for a quantum mechanical Hamiltonian. The interaction terms of the Hamiltonian are singular: they can not be rigorously defined as a perturbation (in the operator or form…
The most general admissible boundary conditions are derived for an idealised Aharonov-Bohm flux intersecting the plane at the origin on the background of a homogeneous magnetic field. A standard technique based on self-adjoint extensions…
Free boundary problems are those described by PDEs that exhibit a priori unknown (free) interfaces or boundaries. These problems appear in Physics, Probability, Biology, Finance, or Industry, and the study of solutions and free boundaries…
Neural networks can emulate nonlinear physical systems with high accuracy, yet they may produce physically-inconsistent results when violating fundamental constraints. Here, we introduce a systematic way of enforcing nonlinear analytic…
An explicit expression is derived for the statistical description of small quantum systems, which are relatively-weakly and directly coupled to only small parts of their environments. The derived expression has a canonical form, but is…