Related papers: An experimental study of partial melting and fract…
Despite its small size, the asteroid 4 Vesta has been completely differentiated to core and mantle. Its composition is similar to howardite--eucrite--diogenite (HED) meteorites of which the detailed petrology is known. Therefore, Vesta is a…
Enstatite chondrites (EC) are potential source material for the accretion of Mercury due to their reduced nature and enrichment in volatile elements. Understanding their melting properties is therefore important to better assess a scenario…
Pyroxene is the principal host of Fe$^{3+}$ in basalt source regions, hosting 79 and 81% of the Fe$^{3+}$ in spinel and garnet lherzolite, respectively, with opx and cpx hosting 48% and 31%, respectively, of the total Fe$^{3+}$ in spinel…
This contribution reviews the effects of source heterogeneities, melt-rock reactions and intracrustal differentiation on magma chemistry across mid-ocean ridges, intraplate settings and subduction zones using experimental studies and…
A high-resolution tomography study for the mantle beneath the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), a major intraplate earthquake zone in the Central and Eastern US, reveals 3 - 5 % low Vp and Vs anomalies in the upper mantle in the depth range…
The Dawn mission confirms predictions that the asteroid 4 Vesta is differentiated with an iron-rich core, a silicate mantle and a basaltic crust, and confirms Vesta as the parent body of the HED meteorites. To better understand its early…
Reproduction experiments of radial pyroxene (RP) chondrules were carried out using an Ar-$\mathrm{H_2}$ or Ar gas-jet levitation system in a reducing atmosphere in order to simulate chondrule formation in the protoplanetary disk. The…
The deuterium fractionation of gas-phase molecules in hot cores is believed to reflect the composition of interstellar ices. The deuteration of methanol is a major puzzle, however, because the isotopologue ratio [CH2DOH]/[CH3OD], which is…
Serpentines are layered hydrous magnesium silicates (MgO$\cdot$SiO$_2\cdot$H$_2$O) formed through serpentinization, a geochemical process that significantly alters the physical property of the mantle. They are hard to investigate…
Terrestrial planets are thought to experience episode(s) of large-scale melting early in their history. Fractionation during magma-ocean freezing leads to unstable stratification within the related cumulate layers due to progressive iron…
Crystal growth experiments (micro-pulling down or Czochralski methods, respectively) and DTA/TG measurements with Fe2+ containing olivines (fayalite--forsterite solid solution) and with FeO (wustite) are performed. For both substances the…
The detection of olivine on Vesta is interesting because it may provide critical insights into planetary differentiation early in our Solar System's history. Ground-based and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of asteroid (4) Vesta…
Methanol-water liquid mixtures have been investigated by high-energy synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction at low temperatures. We are thus able to report the first complete sets of both X-ray and neutron weighted total scattering…
To explore the role of the olivine grain size and crystal preferred orientation (CPO) on the evolution of the microstructure and the mechanical behaviour of upper mantle rocks up to large strains, we performed axial extension experiments at…
Extensive molecular dynamics computer simulations have been conducted for ethanol-water liquid mixtures in the water-rich side of the composition range, with 10, 20 and 30 mol % of the alcohol, at temperatures between room temperature and…
Fe and FeH form a binary eutectic system above ~40 GPa. Here we performed melting experiments in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (DAC) and obtained the Fe-FeH eutectic melting curve between 52 and 175 GPa. Its extrapolation shows the…
Constant-pressure constant-temperature {\it ab initio} molecular dynamics simulations at high temperatures have been used to study MgSiO$_3$ liquid, the major constituent of the Earth's lower mantle to conditions of the Earth's core-mantle…
Pyroxene crystals are common in meteorites but few compositions have been recognized in astronomical environments. We present quantitative room-temperature spectra of 17 Mg-- Fe-- and Ca--bearing ortho- and clinopyroxenes, and a…
Experimental studies of mantle petrology find that small concentrations of water and carbon dioxide have a large effect on the solidus temperature and distribution of melting in the upper mantle. However, it has remained unclear what effect…
We introduce an innovative three-dimensional spectral approach (three band parameter space with polyhedrons) that can be used for both qualitative and quantitative analyses improving the characterization of surface heterogeneity of (4)…