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Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are notoriously difficult to train. When the eigenvalues of the hidden to hidden weight matrix deviate from absolute value 1, optimization becomes difficult due to the well studied issue of vanishing and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-13 Martin Arjovsky , Amar Shah , Yoshua Bengio

The success of deep neural networks is in part due to the use of normalization layers. Normalization layers like Batch Normalization, Layer Normalization and Weight Normalization are ubiquitous in practice, as they improve generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Yonatan Dukler , Quanquan Gu , Guido Montúfar

Linear recurrent neural networks, such as State Space Models (SSMs) and Linear Recurrent Units (LRUs), have recently shown state-of-the-art performance on long sequence modelling benchmarks. Despite their success, their empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Kai Biegun , Rares Dolga , Jake Cunningham , David Barber

Deep learning relies on good initialization schemes and hyperparameter choices prior to training a neural network. Random weight initializations induce random network ensembles, which give rise to the trainability, training speed, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-25 Rebekka Burkholz , Alina Dubatovka

Weight initialization plays a crucial role in the optimization behavior and convergence efficiency of neural networks. Most existing initialization methods, such as Xavier and Kaiming initializations, rely on random sampling and do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Shaowen Wang , Tariq Alkhalifah

Weight initialization plays an important role in neural network training. Widely used initialization methods are proposed and evaluated for networks that are trained from scratch. However, the growing number of pretrained models now offers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Zhiqiu Xu , Yanjie Chen , Kirill Vishniakov , Yida Yin , Zhiqiang Shen , Trevor Darrell , Lingjie Liu , Zhuang Liu

We investigate the computational complexity of various problems for simple recurrent neural networks (RNNs) as formal models for recognizing weighted languages. We focus on the single-layer, ReLU-activation, rational-weight RNNs with…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Yining Chen , Sorcha Gilroy , Andreas Maletti , Jonathan May , Kevin Knight

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) produce state-of-art performance on many machine learning tasks but their demand on resources in terms of memory and computational power are often high. Therefore, there is a great interest in optimizing the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Joachim Ott , Zhouhan Lin , Ying Zhang , Shih-Chii Liu , Yoshua Bengio

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are general-purpose parallel-sequential computers. The program of an RNN is its weight matrix. How to learn useful representations of RNN weights that facilitate RNN analysis as well as downstream tasks?…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Vincent Herrmann , Francesco Faccio , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Binary neural networks (BNNs) have received increasing attention due to their superior reductions of computation and memory. Most existing works focus on either lessening the quantization error by minimizing the gap between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Zihan Xu , Mingbao Lin , Jianzhuang Liu , Jie Chen , Ling Shao , Yue Gao , Yonghong Tian , Rongrong Ji

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are very successful at solving challenging problems with sequential data. However, this observed efficiency is not yet entirely explained by theory. It is known that a certain class of multiplicative RNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Valentin Khrulkov , Oleksii Hrinchuk , Ivan Oseledets

Researchers have proposed various activation functions. These activation functions help the deep network to learn non-linear behavior with a significant effect on training dynamics and task performance. The performance of these activations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Pravendra Singh , Munender Varshney , Vinay P. Namboodiri

A common method in training neural networks is to initialize all the weights to be independent Gaussian vectors. We observe that by instead initializing the weights into independent pairs, where each pair consists of two identical Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Alexander Munteanu , Simon Omlor , Zhao Song , David P. Woodruff

To model time-varying nonlinear temporal dynamics in sequential data, a recurrent network capable of varying and adjusting the recurrence depth between input intervals is examined. The recurrence depth is extended by several intermediate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Hyunsin Park , Chang D. Yoo

To adapt to real-world data streams, continual learning (CL) systems must rapidly learn new concepts while preserving and utilizing prior knowledge. When it comes to adding new information to continually-trained deep neural networks (DNNs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Md Yousuf Harun , Christopher Kanan

In neural network compression, most current methods reduce unnecessary parameters by measuring importance and redundancy. To augment already highly optimized existing solutions, we propose linearity-based compression as a novel way to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Silas Dobler , Florian Lemmerich

Contemporary wisdom based on empirical studies suggests that standard recurrent neural networks (RNNs) do not perform well on tasks requiring long-term memory. However, precise reasoning for this behavior is still unknown. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Melikasadat Emami , Mojtaba Sahraee-Ardakan , Parthe Pandit , Sundeep Rangan , Alyson K. Fletcher

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are powerful tools for sequential modeling, but typically require significant overparameterization and regularization to achieve optimal performance. This leads to difficulties in the deployment of large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Charles C. Onu , Jacob E. Miller , Doina Precup

The deep learning literature is continuously updated with new architectures and training techniques. However, weight initialization is overlooked by most recent research, despite some intriguing findings regarding random weights. On the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Leonardo Scabini , Bernard De Baets , Odemir M. Bruno

Small neural networks with a constrained number of trainable parameters, can be suitable resource-efficient candidates for many simple tasks, where now excessively large models are used. However, such models face several problems during the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Alexander Kovalenko , Pavel Kordík , Magda Friedjungová