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Related papers: Scattering amplitudes abandoning virtual particles

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We present a prescription to calculate manifestly gauge invariant tree-level scattering amplitudes for arbitrary scattering processes with off-shell initial-state quarks within the kinematics of high-energy scattering.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-16 A. van Hameren , K. Kutak , T. Salwa

Tree-level scattering amplitudes for a scalar particle coupled to an arbitrary number N of photons and a single graviton are computed. We employ the worldline formalism as the main tool to compute the irreducible part of the amplitude,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-08-04 Naser Ahmadiniaz , Filippo Maria Balli , Olindo Corradini , José Manuel Dávila , Christian Schubert

We review the structure of gauge theory scattering amplitudes at tree level and describe how a compact expression can be found which encodes all the tree-level amplitudes in the maximally supersymmetric N=4 theory. The expressions for the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-28 J. M. Drummond

In these lecture notes, we take a closer look at the calculation of scattering amplitudes for the bosonic string. It is believed that string theories form the UV completions of (super)gravity theories. Support for this claim can be found in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-03 Wieland Staessens , Bert Vercnocke

Scattering amplitudes in quantum field theories are of widespread interest, due to a large number of theoretical and phenomenological applications. Much is known about the possible behaviour of amplitudes, that is independent of the details…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-02-12 Chris D. White

We derive the first ever on-shell recursion relations for amplitudes in effective field theories. Based solely on factorization and the soft behavior of amplitudes, these recursion relations employ a new rescaling momentum shift to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-03 Clifford Cheung , Karol Kampf , Jiri Novotny , Chia-Hsien Shen , Jaroslav Trnka

We discuss recursion relations for scattering amplitudes with massive particles of any spin. They are derived via a two-parameter shift of momenta, combining a BCFW-type spinor shift with the soft limit of a massless particle involved in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-11 Adam Falkowski , Camila S. Machado

We give a proof of BCFW recursion relations for all tree-level amplitudes of gravitons in General Relativity. The proof follows the same basic steps as in the BCFW construction and it is an extension of the one given for next-to-MHV…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-04-17 Paolo Benincasa , Camille Boucher-Veronneau , Freddy Cachazo

It is argued that the complete S-matrix of string theory at tree level in a flat background can be obtained from a small set of target space properties, without recourse to the worldsheet description. The main non-standard inputs are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-18 Rutger H. Boels , Tobias Hansen

We show, in the imaginary time formalism, that the temperature dependent parts of all the retarded (advanced) amplitudes vanish in the Schwinger model. We trace this behavior to the CPT invariance of the theory and give a physical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-05 Ashok Das , R. R. Francisco , J. Frenkel

A remarkable connection between perturbative scattering amplitudes of four-dimensional planar SYM, and the stratification of the positive grassmannian, was revealed in the seminal work of Arkani-Hamed et. al. Similar extension for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-17 Yu-tin Huang , CongKao Wen

We present a series of new gauge invariant quantities in Witten's open string field theory. They are defined for a given set of open string states which satisfy the physical state condition around a classical solution. For known classical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-08-27 Toru Masuda , Hiroaki Matsunaga

We calculate on-shell scattering amplitudes involving fermions at the tree level in open superstring field theory. We confirm that four-point and five-point amplitudes in the world-sheet path integral with the standard prescription using…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-12-05 Hiroshi Kunitomo , Yuji Okawa , Hiroki Sukeno , Tomoyuki Takezaki

We study relation between the gauge invariant quantity obtained in [arXiv:1908.09784] and the Feynman diagrams in the dressed $ \mathcal B_0 $ gauge in the open cubic string field theory. We derive a set of recurrence relations that hold…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-05-26 Toru Masuda , Hiroaki Matsunaga , Toshifumi Noumi

In this article we review, for a mathematical audience, the computation of (tree-level) scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory in detail, in order to bridge the gap in understanding of the subject between mathematicians and physicists.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-25 Shounak De , Dmitrii Pavlov , Marcus Spradlin , Anastasia Volovich

It is well-known that the standard BCFW construction cannot be used for on-shell amplitudes in effective field theories due to bad behavior for large shifts. We show how to solve this problem in the case of the SU(N) non-linear sigma model,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-04-10 Karol Kampf , Jiri Novotny , Jaroslav Trnka

A central problem in quantum field theory is the computation of scattering amplitudes. However, traditional methods are impractical to calculate high order phenomenologically relevant observables. Building on a few decades of astonishing…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-06-28 Livia Ferro , Tomasz Lukowski , Andrea Orta , Matteo Parisi

We apply the S-matrix formalism developed in Part I to the interacting scalar theory in four-dimensional de Sitter spacetime. The amplitudes are computed in the angular momentum basis, appropriate to the representations of $SO(1,4)$ de…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-01 Tomasz R. Taylor , Bin Zhu

Bipartite on-shell diagrams are the latest tool in constructing scattering amplitudes. In this paper we prove that a Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten (BCFW)-decomposable on-shell diagram process a rational top-form if and only if the algebraic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-01-23 Baoyi Chen , Gang Chen , Yeuk-Kwan E. Cheung , Yunxuan Li , Ruofei Xie , Yuan Xin

We briefly discuss the soft behavior of scattering amplitudes both in string and quantum field theory. In particular we show a general argument about the validity of soft theorems for open superstring amplitudes and list some of our recent…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-21 Andrea L. Guerrieri