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Phishing campaigns involve adversaries masquerading as trusted vendors trying to trigger user behavior that enables them to exfiltrate private data. While URLs are an important part of phishing campaigns, communicative elements like text…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Fengchao Chen , Tingmin Wu , Van Nguyen , Carsten Rudolph

Abuse of zero-permission sensors on-board mobile and wearable devices to infer users' personal context and information is a well-known privacy threat that has received significant attention. Efforts towards protection mechanisms that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Kavita Kumari , Murtuza Jadliwala , Anindya Maiti , Mohammad Hossein Manshaei

SMS phishing, also known as "smishing", is a growing threat that tricks users into disclosing private information or clicking into URLs with malicious content through fraudulent mobile text messages. In recent past, we have also observed a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Ashfak Md Shibli , Mir Mehedi A. Pritom , Maanak Gupta

In an era dominated by digital interactions, phishing campaigns have evolved to exploit not just technological vulnerabilities but also human traits. This study takes an unprecedented deep dive into large-scale phishing campaigns aimed at…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Anargyros Chrysanthou , Yorgos Pantis , Constantinos Patsakis

With the convergence of Internet and telephony, new applications (e.g., WhatsApp) have emerged as an important means of communication for billions of users. These applications are becoming an attractive medium for attackers to deliver spam…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-12-24 Srishti Gupta , Payas Gupta , Mustaque Ahamad , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

In spam and malware detection, attackers exploit randomization to obfuscate malicious data and increase their chances of evading detection at test time; e.g., malware code is typically obfuscated using random strings or byte sequences to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-07 Samuel Rota Bulò , Battista Biggio , Ignazio Pillai , Marcello Pelillo , Fabio Roli

The history of phishing traces back in important ways to the mid-1990s when hacking software facilitated the mass targeting of people in password stealing scams on America Online (AOL). The first of these software programs was mine, called…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-06-24 Koceilah Rekouche

The use of passwords and the need to protect passwords are not going away. The majority of websites that require authentication continue to support password authentication. Even high-security applications such as Internet Banking portals,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Teik Guan Tan , Pawel Szalachowski , Jianying Zhou

Deceptive patterns are often used in interface design to manipulate users into taking actions they would not otherwise take, such as consenting to excessive data collection. We present Trickery, a narrative serious game that incorporates…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Kirill Kronhardt , Kevin Rolfes , Jens Gerken

Phishing emails typically masquerade themselves as reputable identities to trick people into providing sensitive information and credentials. Despite advancements in cybersecurity, attackers continuously adapt, posing ongoing threats to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Sijie Zhuo , Robert Biddle , Jared Daniel Recomendable , Giovanni Russello , Danielle Lottridge

Phishing is recognised as a serious threat to organisations and individuals. While there have been significant technical advances in blocking phishing attacks, people remain the last line of defence after phishing emails reach their email…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Sijie Zhuo , Robert Biddle , Yun Sing Koh , Danielle Lottridge , Giovanni Russello

Phishing remains a critical cybersecurity threat, especially with the advent of large language models (LLMs) capable of generating highly convincing malicious content. Unlike earlier phishing attempts which are identifiable by grammatical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Deeksha Hareesha Kulal , Chidozie Princewill Arannonu , Afsah Anwar , Nidhi Rastogi , Quamar Niyaz

In this paper, we introduce PhishLang, the first fully client-side anti-phishing framework built on a lightweight ensemble framework that utilizes advanced language models to analyze the contextual features of a website's source code and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Sayak Saha Roy , Shirin Nilizadeh

With the growth in digital transformation and Internet usage, the Social Engineering techniques such as Phishing have become a major concern for the users and the organizations. Phishing attacks involve deceptive techniques to trick users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Nikhil Kumar Dora , Sumit Kumar Tetarave , Rishikesh Sahay , Madhusudan Singh , Xiaoqing Li

This paper examines the cues that typically differentiate phishing emails from genuine emails. The research is conducted in two stages. In the first stage, we identify the cues that actually differentiate between phishing and genuine…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-05-26 Kathryn Parsons , Marcus Butavicius , Malcolm Pattinson , Dragana Calic , Agata Mccormac , Cate Jerram

Phishing and sophisticated email-based social engineering attacks disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, such as refugees and immigrant students. However, these groups remain understudied in cybersecurity research. This gap in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mythili Menon , Nisha Vinayaga-Sureshkanth , Alec Schon , Kaitlyn Hemberger , Murtuza Jadliwala

Phishing attacks are increasingly prevalent, with adversaries creating deceptive webpages to steal sensitive information. Despite advancements in machine learning and deep learning for phishing detection, attackers constantly develop new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Duddu Hriday , Aditya Kulkarni , Vivek Balachandran , Tamal Das

Phishing has grown significantly in the past few years and is predicted to further increase in the future. The dynamics of phishing introduce challenges in implementing a robust phishing detection system and selecting features which can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Rizka Purwanto , Arindam Pal , Alan Blair , Sanjay Jha

Phishing attacks have evolved and increased over time and, for this reason, the task of distinguishing between a legitimate site and a phishing site is more and more difficult, fooling even the most expert users. The main proposals focused…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-01 F. Castaño , E. Fidalgo , E. Alegre , D. Chaves , M. Sanchez-Paniagua

The emergence of online services in our daily lives has been accompanied by a range of malicious attempts to trick individuals into performing undesired actions, often to the benefit of the adversary. The most popular medium of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Lukas Halgas , Ioannis Agrafiotis , Jason R. C. Nurse