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We extract a novel quantum programming paradigm - superposition of programs - from the design idea of a popular class of quantum algorithms, namely quantum walk-based algorithms. The generality of this paradigm is guaranteed by the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-02-24 Mingsheng Ying , Nengkun Yu , Yuan Feng

One perspective on quantum algorithms is that they are classical algorithms having access to a special kind of memory with exotic properties. This perspective suggests that, even in the case of quantum algorithms, the control flow notions…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Amr Sabry , Benoît Valiron , Juliana Kaizer Vizzotto

Quantum algorithms for tasks such as factorization, search, and simulation rely on control flow such as branching and iteration that depends on the value of data in superposition. High-level programming abstractions for control flow, such…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Charles Yuan , Agnes Villanyi , Michael Carbin

Coherent control, aka quantum control, is a central concept in quantum computing that is attracting increasing attention from both the quantum foundations and quantum software communities. Defining coherent control in the presence of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Kathleen Barsse , Romain Péchoux , Simon Perdrix

The two main notions of control in quantum programming languages are often referred to as "quantum" control and "classical" control. With the latter, the control flow is based on classical information, potentially resulting from a quantum…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Kinnari Dave , Louis Lemonnier , Romain Péchoux , Vladimir Zamdzhiev

We present the quantum programming language cQPL which is an extended version of QPL [P. Selinger, Math. Struct. in Comp. Sci. 14(4):527-586, 2004]. It is capable of quantum communication and it can be used to formulate all possible quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wolfgang Mauerer

We introduce Qunity, a new quantum programming language designed to treat quantum computing as a natural generalization of classical computing. Qunity presents a unified syntax where familiar programming constructs can have both quantum and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Finn Voichick , Liyi Li , Robert Rand , Michael Hicks

We present a language extension for parallel quantum programming to (1) remove ambiguities concerning parallelism in current quantum programming languages and (2) facilitate space-time tradeoff investigations in quantum computing. While the…

Different platforms for quantum computation are currently being developed with a steadily increasing number of physical qubits. To make today's devices practical for quantum software engineers, novel programming tools with maximal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-17 Michael Cubeddu , Will Finigan , Thomas Lively , Johannes Flick , Prineha Narang

We introduce a novel scheme of quantum recursive programming, in which large unitary transformations, i.e. quantum gates, can be recursively defined using quantum case statements, which are quantum counterparts of conditionals and case…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Mingsheng Ying , Zhicheng Zhang

This paper presents a novel semantics for a quantum programming language by operator algebras, which are known to give a formulation for quantum theory that is alternative to the one by Hilbert spaces. We show that the opposite category of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-12-31 Kenta Cho

Finding a denotational semantics for higher order quantum computation is a long-standing problem in the semantics of quantum programming languages. Most past approaches to this problem fell short in one way or another, either limiting the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-11-12 Michele Pagani , Peter Selinger , Benoît Valiron

Quantum computing exploits quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to realize a form of parallelism that is not available to traditional computing. It offers the potential of significant computational speed-ups in quantum…

Implementing a qubit quantum computer in continuous-variable systems conventionally requires the engineering of specific interactions according to the encoding basis states. In this work, we present a unified formalism to conduct universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-06 Hoi-Kwan Lau , Martin B. Plenio

Contrary to the classical case, the relation between quantum programming languages and quantum Turing Machines (QTM) has not being fully investigated. In particular, there are features of QTMs that have not been exploited, a notable example…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Stefano Guerrini , Simone Martini , Andrea Masini

Quantum superposition is often phrased as the ability to add state vectors. In practice, however, the physical quantity is a ray (a rank-one projector), so each input specifies only a projector and leaves a gauge freedom in the phases of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Jeongho Bang , Kyoungho Cho , Ki Hyuk Yee

A remarkable difference between quantum and classical programs is that the control flow of the former can be either classical or quantum. One of the key issues in the theory of quantum programming languages is defining and understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-21 Mingsheng Ying , Nengkun Yu , Yuan Feng

We consider a programming language that can manipulate both classical and quantum information. Our language is type-safe and designed for variational quantum programming, which is a hybrid classical-quantum computational paradigm. The…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Xiaodong Jia , Andre Kornell , Bert Lindenhovius , Michael Mislove , Vladimir Zamdzhiev

We introduce the language QML, a functional language for quantum computations on finite types. Its design is guided by its categorical semantics: QML programs are interpreted by morphisms in the category FQC of finite quantum computations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-06 Thorsten Altenkirch , Jonathan Grattage

Quantum mechanics allows coherent superposition between different states of matter. This quality is responsible for major non-classical phenomena that occur in quantum systems. Beyond states, coherent superpositions are also possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-16 Manabendra Nath Bera
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