Related papers: A Predictive Analytic Model for the Solar Modulati…
Space weather predictions of the solar wind impacting Earth are usually first based on remote-sensing observations of the solar disc and corona, and eventually validated and/or refined with in-situ measurements taken at the Sun$-$Earth…
The ambient solar wind flows and fields influence the complex propagation dynamics of coronal mass ejections in the interplanetary medium and play an essential role in shaping Earth's space weather environment. A critical scientific goal in…
The Sun provides the main energy input to the terrestrial atmosphere, and yet the impact of solar variability on long-term changes remains a controversial issue. Direct radiative forcing is the most studied mechanism. Other much weaker…
Strong solar magnetic fields are the energy source of intense flares and energetic coronal mass ejections of space weather importance. The key issue is the difficulty in predicting the occurrence time and location of strong solar eruptions,…
Cosmic rays produce molecular cluster ions as they pass through the lower atmosphere. Neutral molecular clusters such as dimers and complexes are expected to make a small contribution to the radiative balance, but atmospheric absorption by…
We use a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the solar wind to calculate cosmic ray diffusion coefficients throughout the inner heliosphere ($2~R_\odot - 3$ AU). The simulation resolves large-scale solar wind flow, which is…
We have obtained the energy spectra of cosmic ray He, B, C, O, Mg, S and Fe nuclei in the range 0.5-1.5 GeV/nuc and above using the penetrating particle mode of the High Energy Telescope, part of the Cosmic Ray Science (CRS) experiment on…
The classic Weber-Davis model of the solar wind is reconsidered by incorporating alpha particles and by allowing the solar wind to flow out of the equatorial plane in an axisymmetrical configuration. In the ion momentum equations of the…
The magnetic field of the Solar corona is difficult to measure directly. However, indirect observations of the solar corona are possible using the deficit in flux of cosmic rays coming from the direction of the Sun. Low-energy cosmic rays…
Observations show that the coronal X-ray emission of the Sun and other stars depends on the surface magnetic field. Using power-law scaling relations between different physical parameters, we build an analytical model to connect the…
Solar wind conditions are predominantly predicted via three-dimensional numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models. Despite their ability to produce highly accurate predictions, MHD models require computationally intensive high-dimensional…
This work discusses the prospects of antiparticle flux measurements with the proposed PEBS detector. The project foresees long duration balloon flights at one of Earth's poles at an altitude of 40 km. The sky coverage of flights at the…
Space weather predictions are necessary to avoid damage caused by intense geomagnetic storms. Such strong storms are usually caused by a co-rotating interaction region (CIR) passing at Earth or by the arrival of strong coronal mass…
The solar modulation, a combination of diffusion, convection, magnetic drift and energy loss inside the heliosphere is usually seen as a depletion in the Galactic cosmic ray (CR) flux at low energy (less than 10 GeV/nuc). Antiparticles such…
The last solar minimum activity period, and the consequent minimum modulation conditions for cosmic rays, was unusual. The highest levels of galactic protons were recorded at Earth in late 2009 in contrast to expectations. Proton spectra…
Numerical modeling of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) penetration through the heliosphere to the vicinity of the Sun is considered. Galactic cosmic rays are charged particles with energies exceeding 10 MeV/nucl., originating from far beyond the…
In addition to sunspots, which represent the most easily visualized manifestation of solar magnetism, cutting-edge observations of the solar atmosphere have uncovered a plethora of magnetic flux tubes, down to the resolving power of modern…
Solar Wind Charge eXchange X-ray (SWCX) emission in the heliosphere and Earth's exosphere is a hard to avoid signal in soft X-ray observations of astrophysical targets. On the other hand, the X-ray imaging possibilities offered by the SWCX…
Galactic-scale winds are a generic feature of massive galaxies with high star formation rates across a broad range of redshifts. Despite their importance, a detailed physical understanding of what drives these mass-loaded global flows has…
We discuss the difficulties of predicting the solar cycle using mean-field models. Here we argue that these difficulties arise owing to the significant modulation of the solar activity cycle, and that this modulation arises owing to either…