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There are three principle paradigms of statistics: Bayesian, frequentist and information-based inference. Although these paradigms are in agreement in some contexts, the Lindley paradox describes a class of problems, models of unknown…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-18 Colin H. LaMont , Paul A. Wiggins

Empirical Bayes methods have been around for a long time and have a wide range of applications. These methods provide a way in which historical data can be aggregated to provide estimates of the posterior mean. This thesis revisits some of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-17 Xiuwen Duan

In statistical practice, a realistic Bayesian model for a given data set can be defined by a likelihood function that is analytically or computationally intractable, due to large data sample size, high parameter dimensionality, or complex…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-19 George Karabatsos , Fabrizio Leisen

Shannon based his information theory on the notion of probability measures as it we developed by Kolmogorov. In this paper we study some fundamental problems in information theory based on expectation measures. In the theory of expectation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Peter Harremoës

Probabilities of causation play a crucial role in modern decision-making. Pearl defined three binary probabilities of causation, the probability of necessity and sufficiency (PNS), the probability of sufficiency (PS), and the probability of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Ang Li , Judea Pearl

Bivariate count data arise in several different disciplines (epidemiology, marketing, sports statistics, etc., to name but a few) and the bivariate Poisson distribution which is a generalization of the Poisson distribution plays an…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-12 Barry C. Arnold , Indranil Ghosh

In this present work, we discuss the Bayesian inference for the bivariate pseudo-exponential distribution. Initially, we assume independent gamma priors and then pseudo-gamma priors for the pseudo-exponential parameters. We are primarily…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-27 Banoth Veeranna

This paper explores Bayesian estimation for categorical data, focusing on simple yet effective models that provide a foundation for applying more advanced methods accurately and reliably in real-world applications. We begin by revisiting…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-03 Jan Kalina

Quantifying cooperation or synergy among random variables in predicting a single target random variable is an important problem in many complex systems. We review three prior information-theoretic measures of synergy and introduce a novel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-02 Virgil Griffith , Christof Koch

This paper develops Bayesian sample size formulae for experiments comparing two groups. We assume the experimental data will be analysed in the Bayesian framework, where pre-experimental information from multiple sources can be represented…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-09 Haiyan Zheng , Thomas Jaki , James M. S. Wason

Mutual information is fundamentally important for measuring statistical dependence between variables and for quantifying information transfer by signaling and communication mechanisms. It can, however, be challenging to evaluate for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Clive G. Bowsher , Margaritis Voliotis

Using instruments comprising ordered responses to items are ubiquitous for studying many constructs of interest. However, using such an item response format may lead to items with response categories infrequently endorsed or unendorsed…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-02 R. Noah Padgett , Grant B. Morgan , Tim Lomas

Model inadequacy and measurement uncertainty are two of the most confounding aspects of inference and prediction in quantitative sciences. The process of scientific inference (the inverse problem) and prediction (the forward problem)…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2017-11-30 Amir Shahmoradi

Bayesian model comparison (BMC) offers a principled probabilistic approach to study and rank competing models. In standard BMC, we construct a discrete probability distribution over the set of possible models, conditional on the observed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-22 Marvin Schmitt , Stefan T. Radev , Paul-Christian Bürkner

Breiman (2001) proposed to statisticians awareness of two cultures: 1. Parametric modeling culture, pioneered by R.A.Fisher and Jerzy Neyman; 2. Algorithmic predictive culture, pioneered by machine learning research. Parzen (2001), as a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-04-25 Emanuel Parzen , Subhadeep Mukhopadhyay

Public-use survey data are an important source of information for researchers in social science and health studies to build statistical models and make inferences on the target finite population. This paper presents two general inferential…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-26 Puying Zhao , J. N. K. Rao , Changbao Wu

Bayesian hierarchical models are frequently used in practical data analysis contexts. One interpretation of these models is that they provide an indirect way of assigning a prior for unknown parameters, through the introduction of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-01 Brendon J. Brewer

Given two measurable spaces $H$ and $D$ with countably generated $\sigma$-algebras, a perfect prior probability measure $P_H$ on $H$ and a sampling distribution $S: H \rightarrow D$, there is a corresponding inference map $I: D \rightarrow…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-16 Jared Culbertson , Kirk Sturtz

In the last months, due to the emergency of Covid-19, questions related to the fact of belonging or not to a particular class of individuals (`infected or not infected'), after being tagged as `positive' or `negative' by a test, have never…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-23 Giulio D'Agostini , Alfredo Esposito

We construct a probabilistic coherence measure for information sets which determines a partial coherence ordering. This measure is applied in constructing a criterion for expanding our beliefs in the face of new information. A number of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Luc Bovens , Stephan Hartmann