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We consider collisional Penrose process for charged, rotating black holes together with a simple model of pair creation, in which two oppositely charged particles are produced in a collision of two neutral particles. We highlight that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-03 Filip Hejda

The BSW effect implies that the energy $E_{c.m.}$ in the center of mass frame of two particles colliding near a black hole can become unbounded. Usually, it is assumed that particles move along geodesics or electrogeodesics. Instead, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-12 O. B. Zaslavskii

We study the collision property of spinning particles near a Ba\~nados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole. Our results show that although the center-of-mass energy of two ingoing particles diverges if one of the particles possesses a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-15 Xulong Yuan , Yunlong Liu , Xiangdong Zhang

Rapidly rotating Kerr black holes can accelerate particles to arbitrarily high energy if the angular momentum of the particle is fine-tuned to some critical value. This phenomenon is robust as it is founded on the basic properties of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-23 Tomohiro Harada , Masashi Kimura

We studied the magnetic Penrose process (MPP) in the Kerr-Bertotti-Robinson (KBR) spacetime, an exact rotating electrovacuum solution describing a black hole (BH) immersed in an intrinsic, uniform electromagnetic field. We analyze the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-16 Mirjavoxir Mirkhaydarov , Tursunali Xamidov , Pankaj Sheoran , Sanjar Shaymatov , Hemwati Nandan

In this paper, we consider a well-established magnetic Penrose process (MPP) and bring out its impact on the efficiency of energy extraction from higher dimensional (i.e., $D>4$) black holes. We derive the field equations of motion and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-19 Sanjar Shaymatov

We study the scenario in which a massive particle is thrown into a rapidly rotating Kerr black hole in an attempt to spin it up beyond its extremal limit, challenging weak cosmic censorship. We work in black-hole perturbation theory, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-11 Marta Colleoni , Leor Barack

We argue that the possibility of having infinite energy in the centre of mass frame of colliding particles is a generic property of rotating black holes. We suggest a general model-independent derivation valid for "dirty" black holes. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-21 Oleg B. Zaslavskii

Extracting the rotational energy from a Kerr black hole (BH) is one of the crucial topics in relativistic astrophysics. Here, we give special attention to the Penrose ballistic process based on the fission of a massive particle $\mu_0$ into…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-11 Remo Ruffini , Mikalai Prakapenia , Hernando Quevedo , Shurui Zhang

We show that collisions between particles free falling from infinity and a disk of material plunging off the retrograde innermost stable circular orbit of a near-extremal Kerr black hole is the unique astronomically natural way in which to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-03 Andrew Mummery , Joseph Silk

It has recently been pointed out that, under certain conditions, the energy of particles accelerated by black holes in the center-of-mass frame can become arbitrarily high. In this paper, we study the collision of two particles in the case…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-04 Pu-Jian Mao , Ran Li , Lin-Yu Jia , Ji-Rong Ren

While theoretically established for decades, the Penrose process - energy extraction from rotating black holes - still lacks clear observational evidence. A promising theoretical framework posits magnetic reconnection in the ergosphere as a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-03 Zhixing Zhao , Zhong-Ying Fan , Xiaobao Wang , Minyong Guo , Bin Chen

The particle dynamics and the electric Penrose process for the five-dimensional weakly charged Schwarzschild black hole are studied. Firstly, the horizon structure and the effective potential for the test particle are explored. The radial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-05 Tursunali Xamidov , Mirzabek Alloqulov , Sanjar Shaymatov

In many astrophysical scenarios the charge of the black hole is often neglected due to unrealistically large values of the charge required for the Reissner-Nordstr\"om spacetime metric. However, black holes may possess small electric charge…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-10 Arman Tursunov , Bakhtinur Juraev , Zdeněk Stuchlík , Martin Kološ

Recently, Ban\~{a}dos, Silk and West (BSW) found that the center-of-mass energy of two colliding test particles in the neighborhood of an extreme Kerr black hole could be arbitrarily high when one particle has the critical angular momentum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-17 Yang Li , Jie Yang , Yun-Liang Li , Shao-Wen Wei , Yu-Xiao Liu

We obtain an explicit expression for the center-of-mass (CM) energy of two colliding general geodesic massive and massless particles at any spacetime point around a Kerr black hole. Applying this, we show that the CM energy can be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-10 Tomohiro Harada , Masashi Kimura

We analyze the properties of the circular orbits for massive particles in the equatorial plane of symmetric rotating Ellis wormholes. In particular, we obtain the orbital frequencies and the radial and vertical epicyclic frequencies, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-22 Efthimia Deligianni , Burkhard Kleihaus , Jutta Kunz , Petya Nedkova , Stoytcho Yazadjiev

We consider the problem of gravitational deflection of a propagating relativistic massive particles by rotating black holes (Kerr black holes) and rotating wormholes (Teo wormholes) in the weak limit approximation. In particular we have…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-08 Kimet Jusufi

Recently, references [1,2] found that the repetitive Penrose process cannot extract all the extractable rotational energy of a Kerr black hole, and reference [3] found that the repetitive electric Penrose process cannot extract all the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-09 Ke Wang , Xiao-Xiong Zeng

Two particles can collide in the vicinity of a rotating black hole producing the divergent energy in the centre of mass frame (the BSW effect). However, it was shown recently that an observer at infinity can register quite modest energies E…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-05 O. B. Zaslavskii