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We show that uniformly accelerated detectors can display genuinely thermal features even if the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) condition fails to hold. These features include satisfying thermal detailed balance and having a Planckian response…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-31 Raul Carballo-Rubio , Luis J. Garay , Eduardo Martin-Martinez , Jose de Ramon

We study the late-time asymptotic state of a stationary Unruh-DeWitt detector interacting with a field in a thermal state. We work in an open system framework, where the field plays the role of an environment for the detector. The long-time…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-07 Benito A. Juárez-Aubry , Dimitris Moustos

We study the thermalization of smeared particle detectors that couple locally to $any$ operator in a quantum field theory in curved spacetimes. We show that if the field state satisfies the KMS condition with inverse temperature $\beta$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 T. Rick Perche

We treat an Unruh-DeWitt detector as an open quantum system and evaluate the response of a uniformly accelerated detector: (i) interacting locally with the derivatives of a massless scalar field and (ii) linearly coupled to an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-09-17 Dimitris Moustos

We study the Anti-Unruh effect in general stationary scenarios. We find that, for accelerated trajectories, a particle detector coupled to a KMS state of a quantum field can cool down (click less often) as the KMS temperature increases.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-03 Luis J. Garay , Eduardo Martin-Martinez , Jose de Ramon

Utilizing quantum coherence monotone, we reexamine the thermal nature of the Unruh effect of an accelerating detector. We consider an UDW detector coupling to a n-dimensional conformal field in Minkowski spacetime, whose response spectrum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-05-20 Jun Feng , Jing-Jun Zhang , Yihao Zhou

How long does a uniformly accelerated observer need to interact with a quantum field in order to record thermality in the Unruh temperature? We address this question for a pointlike Unruh-DeWitt detector, coupled linearly to a real…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-07-20 Christopher J. Fewster , Benito A. Juárez-Aubry , Jorma Louko

We consider a particle detector model on 1+1-dimensional Minkowski space-time that is accelerated by a constant external acceleration a. The detector is coupled to a massless scalar test field. Due to the Unruh effect, this detector becomes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-14 Franz Thoma

How long does a uniformly rotating observer need to interact with a quantum field in order to register an approximately thermal response due to the circular motion Unruh effect? We address this question for a massless scalar field in 2+1…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-21 Leo J. A. Parry , Diego Vidal-Cruzprieto , Christopher J. Fewster , Jorma Louko

We find that a uniformly accelerated particle detector coupled to the vacuum can cool down as its acceleration increases, due to relativistic effects. We show that in (1+1)-dimensions, a detector coupled to the scalar field vacuum for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Wilson G. Brenna , Robert B. Mann , Eduardo Martin-Martinez

We show under what conditions an accelerated detector (e.g., an atom/ion/molecule) thermalizes while interacting with the vacuum state of a quantum field in a setup where the detector's acceleration alternates sign across multiple optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-09 Silas Vriend , Daniel Grimmer , Eduardo Martín-Martínez

We study Unruh phenomena for a qudit detector coupled to a quantized scalar field, comparing its response to that of a standard qubit-based Unruh-DeWitt detector. We show that there are limitations to the utility of the detailed balance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-14 Caroline Lima , Everett Patterson , Erickson Tjoa , Robert B. Mann

We investigate when temporal ordering becomes operationally meaningful in relativistic quantum field theory using localized detector models. A time parameter alone does not ensure that different sequences of operations are physically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Marcello Rotondo

We revisit the Unruh effect within a general framework based on direct, probability-level calculations. We rederive the transition rate of a uniformly accelerating Unruh-DeWitt monopole detector coupled to a massive scalar field, from both…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-13 Robert Dickinson , Jeff Forshaw , Ross Jenkinson , Peter Millington

We investigate the transition probability rate of a Unruh-DeWitt (UD) detector interacting with massless scalar field for a finite duration of proper time, $T$, of the detector. For a UD detector moving at a uniform acceleration, $a$, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-09 D. Jaffino Stargen

We study the response of an accelerated Unruh-DeWitt detector to a one-parameter family of ``kappa Rindler'' vacua, which generalize the standard Unruh effect. These states, parameterized by $\kappa$, continuously interpolate between the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-09 Arash Azizi

Using nonperturbative results obtained recently for an uniformly accelerated Unruh-DeWitt detector, we discover new features in the dynamical evolution of the detector's internal degree of freedom, and identified the Unruh effect derived…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Shih-Yuin Lin , B. L. Hu

Using the influence functional formalism, the problem of an accelerating detector in the presence of a scalar field in its ground state is considered in Minkowski space. As is known since the work of Unruh, to a quantum mechanical detector…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-04 J. -G. Demers

Ultracold fermionic atoms in an optical lattice, with a sudden position-dependent change (a quench) in the effective dispersion relation, have been proposed by Rodr\'iguez-Laguna et al. as an analogue spacetime test of the Unruh effect. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-05 Jorma Louko

The Unruh effect predicts that an accelerated observer perceives the Minkowski vacuum as a thermal bath, but its direct observation requires extreme accelerations beyond current experimental reach. Foundational theory [Olson & Ralph, Phys.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Zhenghao Luo , Yi Li , Xingyu Zhao , Zihan Xie , Zehua Tian , Yiheng Lin
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