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Related papers: Gauge-Invariant Gluon TMD and Evolution in the Coo…

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We introduce a novel geometric framework for optimal experimental design (OED). Traditional OED approaches, such as those based on mutual information, rely explicitly on probability densities, leading to restrictive invariance properties.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-17 Gavin Kerrigan , Christian A. Naesseth , Tom Rainforth

We report progresses on leading-twist transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) gluon distributions, calculated in a spectator-model framework for the parent nucleon. We encode in our formalism a fit-based parameterization for the spectator-mass…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-03-11 Alessandro Bacchetta , Francesco Giovanni Celiberto , Marco Radici

We discuss the renormalization of gauge-invariant transverse-momentum dependent (TMD), i.e., unintegrated, parton distribution functions (PDFs) and carry out the calculation of their anomalous dimension at one loop. We show that in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-10-01 N. G. Stefanis , I. O. Cherednikov

I discuss the physical interpretation of GPDs in the limit $\xi=0$, where the $t$ dependence contains information about the distribution of partons in the transverse plane. GPDs thus allow a simultaneous determination of the longitudinal…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-08-23 Matthias Burkardt

The paper is devoted to a geometrical interpretation of gauge invariance in terms of the formalism of field theory in compact space-time dimensions [arXiv:0903.3680]. In this formalism, the kinematic information of an interacting elementary…

General Physics · Physics 2012-09-12 Donatello Dolce

Gauge-invariant field strengths, defined as parallel transports to infinity of ordinary field strengths, naturally emerge in a few physical phenomena governed by $QCD$. One of them is confinement of colour. Despite the arbitrariness in…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-06-06 Adriano Di Giacomo

In the present work, a new time-dependent exchange theory is presented wherein the symmetry constraints, on a multi-electron wavefunction, are properly accounted for. In so doing, the equations of motion, incorporating the required…

Computational Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles A. Weatherford

At high energies particles move very fast so the proper degrees of freedom for the fast gluons moving along the straight lines are Wilson-line operators - infinite gauge factors ordered along the line. In the framework of operator expansion…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-12-16 Ian Balitsky , Giovanni A. Chirilli

Our knowledge on the three-dimensional momentum structure of hadrons is encoded in the Transverse Momentum Dependent partonic distribution and fragmentation functions (TMDs). A brief and updated review of the TMDs and of the processes in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-30 M. Boglione

We discuss how to implement the source terms in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) respecting gauge invariance and noncommutativity of color charge density operators. We start with decomposing the generating functional of QCD into constituents…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 Kenji Fukushima

In a high-energy scattering process with hadrons in the initial state, color is involved. Transverse momentum dependent distribution functions (TMDs) describe the quark and gluon distributions in these hadrons in momentum space with the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-23 M. G. A. Buffing , A. Mukherjee , P. J. Mulders

We study the chromodynamical gauge symmetry in relation to the internal spin structure of the nucleon. We show that 1) even in the helicity eigenstates the gauge-dependent spin and orbital angular momentum operators do not have…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 Pervez Hoodbhoy , Xiangdong Ji , Wei Lu

A generalized covariant method of analysis applicable to frames for which time is not orthogonal to space, such as spacetime around a star possessing angular momentum or on a rotating disk, is presented. Important aspects of such an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert D. Klauber

The worm-gear transverse momentum dependent (TMD) function $g_{1T}$ is one of the eight leading-twist TMDs and has the probabilistic interpretation of finding a longitudinally polarized quark inside a transversely polarized hadron. In this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-02-11 Shohini Bhattacharya , Zhong-Bo Kang , Andreas Metz , Gregory Penn , Daniel Pitonyak

We study the gauge theories on noncommutative space. We employ the idea of the covariant position to understand the linear and angular momenta, the center of mass position, and to express all gauge invariant observables including the Wilson…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Dongsu Bak , Kimyeong Lee , Jeong-Hyuck Park

In this work we take into consideration a generalization of Gauge Theories based on the analysis of the structural characteristics of Maxwell theory, which can be considered as the prototype of such kind of theories (Maxwell-like). Such…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-03 Germano Resconi , Ignazio Licata , Christian Corda

In this paper, we investigate a three-dimensional gravitational model known as Minimal Massive Gravity (MMG), which includes an auxiliary field, using the covariant phase space method. Our analysis reveals the presence of three gauge…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-24 Kang Liu , Xiao-Mei Kuang

We continue earlier discussions on the exact renormalization group and loop variables on the string world sheet for closed and open string backgrounds. The world sheet action with a UV regulator is written in a generally background…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-22 B. Sathiapalan

The two-point gauge-invariant correlation function of gluonic field strengths, which is the main input in the stochastic vacuum model, is derived by using its relation to the Green functions of one- and two-gluon gluelumps. These Green…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 Dmitri Antonov

We draw attention to a novel type of geometric gauge invariance relating the autoparallel equations of motion in different Riemann-Cartan spacetimes with each other. The novelty lies in the fact that the equations of motion are invariant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-17 H. Kleinert , A. Pelster