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Quantum communication relies on the existence of entanglement between two nodes of a network. However, due to its fragile nature, it is nearly impossible to establish entanglement at large distances through the direct transmission of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-18 Sowmitra Das , Md. Saifur Rahman , Mahbub Majumdar

Quantum communication enables a host of applications that cannot be achieved by classical communication means, with provably secure communication as one of the prime examples. The distance that quantum communication schemes can cover via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-12 Sebastiaan Brand , Tim Coopmans , David Elkouss

The long-lived, efficient storage and retrieval of a qubit encoded on a photon is an important ingredient for future quantum networks. Although systems with intrinsically long coherence times have been demonstrated, the combination with an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-13 M. Körber , O. Morin , S. Langenfeld , A. Neuzner , S. Ritter , G. Rempe

Global scale quantum communication links will form the backbone of the quantum internet. However, exponential loss in optical fibres precludes any realistic application beyond few hundred kilometres. Quantum repeaters and space-based…

Quantum repeaters are enabling technologies for long-distance quantum communications. Despite the significant progress in the field, we still not only face implementation challenges but also need theoretical solutions that better meet all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Javier Rey-Domínguez , Mohsen Razavi

The construction of large-scale quantum networks relies on the development of practical quantum repeaters. Many approaches have been proposed with the goal of outperforming the direct transmission of photons, but most of them are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-23 Xiao Liu , Zong-Quan Zhou , Yi-Lin Hua , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

For scalable quantum communication and networks, a key step is to realize a quantum repeater node that can efficiently connect different segments of atom-photon entanglement using quantum memories. We report a compact and hardware-efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-20 Chang Li , Sheng Zhang , Yukai Wu , Nan Jiang , Yunfei Pu , Luming Duan

Quantum entanglement is an indispensable resource for many significant quantum information processing tasks. However, because of the noise in quantum channels, it is difficult to distribute quantum entanglement over a long distance in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-31 Zhaofeng Su , Ji Guan , Lvzhou Li

Scalable quantum networks require quantum repeaters to overcome major challenges such as photon loss and decoherence in long-distance quantum communication. In this paper, we present a cavity-magnon quantum repeater architecture that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Mughees Ahmed Khan , Syed Shahmir , Muhammad Talha Rahim , Saif Al-Kuwari , Tasawar Abbas

The realization of a global quantum network holds the potential to enable groundbreaking applications such as secure quantum communication and blind quantum computing. However, building such a network remains a formidable challenge,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Jia-Wei Ji , Shinichi Sunami , Seigo Kikura , Akihisa Goban , Christoph Simon

Quantum communication holds promise for unconditionally secure transmission of secret messages and faithful transfer of unknown quantum states. Photons appear to be the medium of choice for quantum communication. Owing to photon losses,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-12 Koji Azuma , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Hoi-Kwong Lo

The quantum repeater protocol is a promising approach to implement long-distance quantum communication and large-scale quantum networks. A key idea of the quantum repeater protocol is to use long-lived quantum memories to achieve efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-31 Yunfei Pu , Sheng Zhang , Yukai Wu , Nan Jiang , Wei Chang , Chang Li , Luming Duan

The field of quantum communications promises the faithful distribution of quantum information, quantum entanglement, and absolutely secret keys. However, the highest rates of these tasks are fundamentally limited by the transmission…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Matthew Winnel

Photon loss in optical fibers prevents long-distance distribution of quantum information on the ground. Quantum repeater is proposed to overcome this problem, but the communication distance is still limited so far because of the system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-28 Yu Ma , You-Zhi Ma , Zong-Quan Zhou , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

Entanglement distribution through existing telecommunication infrastructure is crucial for realizing large-scale quantum networks. However, distance limitations imposed by photon losses and the no-cloning theorem present significant…

The quantum repeater cell is a basic building block for a quantum network, as it allows to overcome the distance limitations due to unavoidable fiber loss in direct transmission. We demonstrate the implementation of a quantum repeater cell,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Max Bergerhoff , Omar Elshehy , Stephan Kucera , Matthias Kreis , Jürgen Eschner

Quantum repeaters are pivotal in the physical layer of the quantum internet. For its development, quantum repeaters capable of efficient entanglement distribution are necessary. Quantum repeater schemes based on single-photon interference…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-18 Daisuke Yoshida , Tomoyuki Horikiri

We analyze elementary building blocks for quantum repeaters based on fiber channels and memory stations. Implementations are considered for three different physical platforms, for which suitable components are available: quantum dots,…

Losses of optical signals scale exponentially with the distance. Quantum repeaters are devices that tackle these losses in quantum communication by splitting the total distance into shorter parts. Today two types of quantum repeaters are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-16 Michael Epping , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

We propose and analyze a quantum repeater architecture in which Rydberg blocked atomic ensembles inside optical cavities are linked by optical fibers. Entanglement generation, swapping and purification are achieved through collective laser…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 E. Brion , F. Carlier , V. M. Akulin , K. Moelmer