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This paper proposes a simple model to capture the complexity of multi-layer systems where their constituent layers affect, are affected by, each other. The physical layer is a circuit composed by a power source and resistors in parallel.…
The nature takes the easiest and most accessible paths and, hence, processes are accomplished very quickly in a minimum time. In 1662 P. Fermat used this principle to work out the refraction law. This was one of the first known attempts at…
A fundamental question in the conjunction of information theory, biophysics, bioinformatics and thermodynamics relates to the principles and processes that guide the development of natural intelligence in natural environments where…
We take the view that the standard von Neumann definition, in which the entropy $S^{vN}$ of a pure state is zero, is in evident conflict with the statement of the second law that the entropy of the universe $S_{univ}$ increases in…
Proliferation is a defining feature of life. Through growth, division, and death, living systems consume energy and inject mass, breaking conservation laws and driving collective phenomena from biofilm formation to embryonic development.…
We obtain a nonequilibrium theory for a simple model of a generic class of active dense systems consisting of self-propelled particles with a self-propulsion force, $f_0$, and persistence time, $\tau_p$, of their motion. We consider two…
As the dimensionality is reduced, the world becomes more and more interesting; novel and fascinating phenomena show up which call for understanding. Physics in one dimension is a fascinating topic for theory and experiment: for the former…
The local entropy of a nonequilibrium system of independent fermions is investigated, and analyzed in the context of the laws of thermodynamics. It is shown that the local temperature and chemical potential can only be expressed in terms of…
Networks of particles connected by springs model many condensed-matter systems, from colloids interacting with a short-range potential, to complex fluids near jamming, to self-assembled lattices, to origami-inspired materials. Under small…
We study the effect of electron-electron interaction on the one-particle density of states (\emph{DOS}) $\rho^{(d)}(\epsilon,T)$ of low-dimensional disordered metals near Fermi energy within the framework of the finite temperature…
We consider the efficiency of chemical energy extraction from the environment by the growth of a copolymer made of two constituent units in the entropy-driven regime. We show that the thermodynamic nonlinearity associated with the…
With the development of low order scaling methods for performing Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory, it is now possible to perform fully quantum mechanical calculations of systems containing tens of thousands of atoms. However, with an…
The acceleration of the expansion of the universe, ascribed to a dark energy, is one of the most intriguing discoveries in science. In addition to precise, systematics controlled data, clear, robust interpretation of the observations is…
Self-consistent treatment of cosmological structure formation and expansion within the context of classical general relativity may lead to "extra" expansion above that expected in a structureless universe. We argue that in comparison to an…
Establishing an universal method to measure the organization of an universal system, will allow us to understand the mechanisms of functioning and organizing in general and enable us to design systems which will posses highest level of…
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of a system situated in a sustained environment with influx and efflux is usually treated as a subsystem in a larger, closed "universe". It remains a question what the minimally required description for the…
A curious behavior of electron correlation energy is explored. Namely, the correlation energy is the energy that tends to drive the system toward that of the uniform electron gas. As such, the energy assumes its maximum value when a…
Understanding the organization of collective motion in biological systems is an ongoing challenge. In this Paper we consider a minimal model of self-propelled particles with variable speed. Inspired by experimental data from schooling fish,…
The formalism developed in the first paper of the series [arXiv:0901.1060] is applied to two thermodynamic systems: (i) of three global observables (the energy, the total electron number and the spin number), (ii) of one global observable…
Several recent investigations have shown that there is a holographic relationship between the bulk degrees of freedom and the surface degrees of freedom in the spacetime. Furthermore, the entropy on the horizon can produce an entropic force…