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Recent research efforts indicate that federated learning (FL) systems are vulnerable to a variety of security breaches. While numerous defense strategies have been suggested, they are mainly designed to counter specific attack patterns and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Henger Li , Tianyi Xu , Tao Li , Yunian Pan , Quanyan Zhu , Zizhan Zheng

The paper proposes a novel neuroevolutionary method (NESG) for calculating leader's payoff in Stackelberg Security Games. The heart of NESG is strategy evaluation neural network (SENN). SENN is able to effectively evaluate leader's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Adam Żychowski , Jacek Mańdziuk

Most models of Stackelberg security games assume that the attacker only knows the defender's mixed strategy, but is not able to observe (even partially) the instantiated pure strategy. Such partial observation of the deployed pure strategy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-05 Haifeng Xu , Albert X. Jiang , Arunesh Sinha , Zinovi Rabinovich , Shaddin Dughmi , Milind Tambe

Algorithms for playing in Stackelberg games have been deployed in real-world domains including airport security, anti-poaching efforts, and cyber-crime prevention. However, these algorithms often fail to take into consideration the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Keegan Harris , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Maria-Florina Balcan

Stackelberg games (SGs) constitute the most fundamental and acclaimed models of strategic interactions involving some form of commitment. Moreover, they form the basis of more elaborate models of this kind, such as, e.g., Bayesian…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Francesco Bacchiocchi , Matteo Bollini , Matteo Castiglioni , Alberto Marchesi , Nicola Gatti

We study automated security response for an IT infrastructure and formulate the interaction between an attacker and a defender as a partially observed, non-stationary game. We relax the standard assumption that the game model is correctly…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Kim Hammar , Tao Li , Rolf Stadler , Quanyan Zhu

This paper presents a game-theoretic framework to study the interactions of attack and defense for deep learning-based NextG signal classification. NextG systems such as the one envisioned for a massive number of IoT devices can employ deep…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Yalin E. Sagduyu

Stackelberg security game models and associated computational tools have seen deployment in a number of high-consequence security settings, such as LAX canine patrols and Federal Air Marshal Service. These models focus on isolated systems…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-29 Jian Lou , Andrew M. Smith , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

We study online reinforcement learning in average-reward stochastic games (SGs). An SG models a two-player zero-sum game in a Markov environment, where state transitions and one-step payoffs are determined simultaneously by a learner and an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Chen-Yu Wei , Yi-Te Hong , Chi-Jen Lu

Stackelberg Security Games (SSGs) have been adopted widely for modeling adversarial interactions. With increasing size of the applications of SSGs, scalability of equilibrium computation is an important research problem. While prior…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Arunesh Sinha , Aaron Schlenker , Donnabell Dmello , Milind Tambe

This paper presents a holistic approach to attacker preference modeling from system-level audit logs using inverse reinforcement learning (IRL). Adversary modeling is an important capability in cybersecurity that lets defenders characterize…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Aditya Shinde , Prashant Doshi

Adversarial deep learning is to train robust DNNs against adversarial attacks, which is one of the major research focuses of deep learning. Game theory has been used to answer some of the basic questions about adversarial deep learning such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Xiao-Shan Gao , Shuang Liu , Lijia Yu

Detection of malicious behavior is a fundamental problem in security. One of the major challenges in using detection systems in practice is in dealing with an overwhelming number of alerts that are triggered by normal behavior (the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Liang Tong , Aron Laszka , Chao Yan , Ning Zhang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

Adversarial training, the process of training a deep learning model with adversarial data, is one of the most successful adversarial defense methods for deep learning models. We have found that the robustness to white-box attack of an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Zhiwen Yan , Teck Khim Ng

We develop an analytical Stackelberg game framework for optimal resource allocation in a sequential attacker--defender setting with a finite set of assets and probabilistic attacks. The defender commits to a mixed protection strategy, after…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Azhar Iqbal , James M. Chappell , Derek Abbott

In recent times deep learning has been widely used for automating various security tasks in Cyber Domains. However, adversaries manipulate data in many situations and diminish the deployed deep learning model's accuracy. One notable example…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Khondker Fariha Hossain , Alireza Tavakkoli , Shamik Sengupta

The rapid expansion of Internet use has increased system exposure to cyber threats, with advanced persistent threats (APTs) being especially challenging due to their stealth, prolonged duration, and multi-stage attacks targeting high-value…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Willie Kouam , Stefan Rass

We study an online learning problem in general-sum Stackelberg games, where players act in a decentralized and strategic manner. We study two settings depending on the type of information for the follower: (1) the limited information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yaolong Yu , Haipeng Chen

We study a continuous-time stochastic Stackelberg game in which a leader seeks to accomplish a primary objective while inferring a hidden parameter of a rational follower. The follower solves an entropy-regularized tracking problem and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Ruimeng Hu , Daniel Ralston , Xu Yang , Haosheng Zhou

This paper investigates the convergence of learning dynamics in Stackelberg games. In the class of games we consider, there is a hierarchical game being played between a leader and a follower with continuous action spaces. We establish a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-07 Tanner Fiez , Benjamin Chasnov , Lillian J. Ratliff