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Quantum theory provides a comprehensive framework for quantifying uncertainty, often applied in quantum finance to explore the stochastic nature of asset returns. This perspective likens returns to microscopic particle motion, governed by…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-12 Li Lin

In many areas of data mining, data is collected from humans beings. In this contribution, we ask the question of how people actually respond to ordinal scales. The main problem observed is that users tend to be volatile in their choices,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-03-01 Kevin Jasberg , Sergej Sizov

We experimentally study a game in which success requires a sufficient total contribution by members of a group. There are significant uncertainties surrounding the chance and the total effort required for success. A theoretical model with…

General Economics · Economics 2022-09-23 Pablo Brañas-Garza , Antonio Cabrales , María Paz Espinosa , Diego Jorrat

We show that quantum state discrimination sits neatly in the framework of Bayesian experimental design. In this setting, the two main branches of quantum state discrimination (minimal error and maximal confidence) simply correspond to two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-30 Thomas Guff , Yuval R. Sanders , Nathan A. McMahon , Alexei Gilchrist

Uncertainty in economics still poses some fundamental problems illustrated, e.g., by the Allais and Ellsberg paradoxes. To overcome these difficulties, economists have introduced an interesting distinction between 'risk' and 'ambiguity'…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-01-08 Diederik Aerts , Sandro Sozzo

This paper contributes to a burgeoning area of investigation, the ambiguity inherent in mathematics and the implications for physics of this ambiguity. To display the mathematical form of equations of quantum theory used to describe…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-22 John M. Myers , F. Hadi Madjid

When aggregating Subjective Expected Utility preferences, the Pareto principle leads to an impossibility result unless the individuals have a common belief. This paper examines the source of this impossibility in more detail by considering…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-24 Kensei Nakamura

We provide foundations for decisions in face of unlikely events by extending the standard framework of Savage to include preferences indexed by a family of events. We derive a subjective lexicographic expected utility representation which…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-26 Hugo Cruz-Sanchez

In the given work the first attempt to generalize quantum uncertainty relation on macro objects is made. Business company as one of economical process participants was chosen by the authors for this purpose. The analogies between quantum…

General Physics · Physics 2009-01-30 Vladimir I. Zverev , Alexander M. Tishin

We propose a quantum-mechanical model that represents a human system of beliefs as quantised energy levels of a physical system. This model underscores a novel perspective on opinion dynamics, recreating a broad range of experimental and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-29 Ivan S. Maksymov , Ganna Pogrebna

The problem of quantification of emotions in the choice between alternatives is considered. The alternatives are evaluated in a dual manner. From one side, they are characterized by rational features defining the utility of each…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-07 V. I. Yukalov

Different from shopping at retail stores, consumers on e-commerce platforms usually cannot touch or try products before purchasing, which means that they have to make decisions when they are uncertain about the outcome (e.g., satisfaction…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Zhichao Xu , Yi Han , Yongfeng Zhang , Qingyao Ai

We provide a theoretical framework to understand how widely used measures of choice difficulty relate. In a binary-option Bayesian expected-utility framework, we show that three measures of difficulty, (i) understanding (ex-ante value),…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-30 Chris Chambers , Yusufcan Masatolioglu , Paulo Natenzon , Collin Raymond

An overview of the conceptuality interpretation of quantum mechanics is presented, along with an explanation of how it sheds light on key quantum and relativistic phenomena. In particular, we show how the interpretation clarifies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 Diederik Aerts , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi , Sandro Sozzo

The usual conjectures of quantum measurements approaches, inspired from the traditional interpretation of Heisenberg's ("uncertainty") relations, are proved as being incorrect. A group of reconsidered conjectures and a corresponding new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Spiridon Dumitru

If Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) is crucial to achieve trustworthy Machine Learning (ML), most UQ methods suffer from disparate and inconsistent evaluation protocols. We claim this inconsistency results from the unclear requirements the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Victor Bouvier , Simona Maggio , Alexandre Abraham , Léo Dreyfus-Schmidt

Existing observational approaches for learning human preferences, such as inverse reinforcement learning, usually make strong assumptions about the observability of the human's environment. However, in reality, people make many important…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-29 Cassidy Laidlaw , Stuart Russell

The role of probability in quantum mechanics is reviewed, with a discussion of the ``orthodox'' versus the statistical interpretive frameworks, and of a number of related issues. After a brief summary of sources of unease with quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen L. Adler

The main objective of this paper is to outline a theoretical framework to analyse how humans' decision-making strategies under uncertainty manage the trade-off between information gathering (exploration) and reward seeking (exploitation). A…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Antonio Candelieri , Andrea Ponti , Francesco Archetti

Contextuality, the impossibility of assigning a single random variable to represent the outcomes of the same measurement procedure under different experimental conditions, is a central aspect of quantum mechanics. Thus defined, it appears…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-02-17 J. Acacio de Barros , Gary Oas