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Existing approaches to modelling antibody concentration data are mostly based on finite mixture models that rely on the assumption that individuals can be divided into two distinct groups: seronegative and seropositive. Here, we challenge…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-20 Emanuele Giorgi , Jonas Wallin

Objectives: Unsupervised learning with electronic health record (EHR) data has shown promise for phenotype discovery, but approaches typically disregard existing clinical information, limiting interpretability. We operationalize a Bayesian…

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), pneumonia is a disease that causes a significant number of deaths each year. In response to this issue, the development of a decision support system for the classification of patients into…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-06 Carlos Arizmendi , Jorge Pinto , Alejandro Arboleda , Hernando González

How should researchers analyze randomized experiments in which the main outcome is latent and measured in multiple ways but each measure contains some degree of error? We first identify a critical study-specific noncomparability problem in…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-13 Jiawei Fu , Donald P. Green

Background: Lung disease is a significant health issue, particularly in children and elderly individuals. It often results from lung infections and is one of the leading causes of mortality in children. Globally, lung-related diseases claim…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-26 Muhammad Ahmad , Sardar Usman , Ildar Batyrshin , Muhammad Muzammil , K. Sajid , M. Hasnain , Muhammad Jalal , Grigori Sidorov

Recent pandemics have highlighted the critical role of infectious disease models in guiding public health decision-making, driving demand for realistic models that can provide timely answers under uncertainty. Compartmental models are…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-18 Xiahui Li , Fergus J. Chadwick , Ben Swallow

We consider nonparametric inference for event time distributions based on current status data. We show that in this scenario conventional mixture priors, including the popular Dirichlet process mixture prior, lead to biologically…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-23 Giorgio Paulon , Peter Müller , Victor G. Sal Y Rosas

Public health researchers often estimate health effects of exposures (e.g., pollution, diet, lifestyle) that cannot be directly measured for study subjects. A common strategy in environmental epidemiology is to use a first-stage (exposure)…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-06-03 Adam A. Szpiro , Christopher J. Paciorek

Infectious diseases continue to pose significant public health challenges worldwide, requiring effective prevention and control strategies to mitigate their negative impact. Infectious diseases can be broadly classified into two groups:…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-23 Rupchand Sutradhar , Anuj Mishra , Malay Banerjee , Subhra Sankar Dhar

Background: Pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide, emphasizing the need for accurate and efficient diagnostic support tools. Deep learning has shown strong potential in medical image analysis,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Adil O. Khadidos , Aziida Nanyonga , Alaa O. Khadidos , Olfat M. Mirza , Mustafa Tahsin Yilmaz

Pneumonia is a life-threatening lung infection resulting from several different viral infections. Identifying and treating pneumonia on chest X-ray images can be difficult due to its similarity to other pulmonary diseases. Thus, the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-14 Alhassan Mabrouk , Rebeca P. Díaz Redondo , Abdelghani Dahou , Mohamed Abd Elaziz , Mohammed Kayed

Over the last year, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants have highlighted the importance of screening tools with high diagnostic accuracy for new illnesses such as COVID-19. To that regard, deep…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-26 Danilo Avola , Andrea Bacciu , Luigi Cinque , Alessio Fagioli , Marco Raoul Marini , Riccardo Taiello

We develop a stochastic epidemic model progressing over dynamic networks, where infection rates are heterogeneous and may vary with individual-level covariates. The joint dynamics are modeled as a continuous-time Markov chain such that…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-16 Fan Bu , Allison E. Aiello , Alexander Volfovsky , Jason Xu

Pediatric pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children under five years worldwide, imposing a substantial burden on affected families. Currently, there are three significant hurdles in diagnosing and treating pediatric pneumonia.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Weiwei Tian , Xinyu Huang , Tianhao Cheng , Wen He , Jinwu Fang , Rui Feng , Daoying Geng , Xiaobo Zhang

Pneumonia is a leading cause of illness and death in children, underscoring the need for early and accurate detection. In this study, we propose a novel lightweight ensemble model for detecting pneumonia in children using chest X-ray…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-04 Suresh Babu Nettur , Shanthi Karpurapu , Unnati Nettur , Likhit Sagar Gajja , Sravanthy Myneni , Akhil Dusi , Lalithya Posham

Classical compartmental models in epidemiology often assume a homogeneous population for simplicity, which neglects the inherent heterogeneity among individuals. This assumption frequently leads to inaccurate predictions when applied to…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-09 Ning Jiang , Weiqi Chu , Yao Li

The impact of machine learning models on healthcare will depend on the degree of trust that healthcare professionals place in the predictions made by these models. In this paper, we present a method to provide people with clinical expertise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Aniruddh Raghu , John Guttag , Katherine Young , Eugene Pomerantsev , Adrian V. Dalca , Collin M. Stultz

When surveillance data of infectious disease incidence (e.g. weekly case counts) are disaggregated by demographic indicators, disparities in long-run health outcomes between these groups become apparent. Accurate identification of high-risk…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-29 Miles Moran , Rob Trangucci , Lisa Madsen

An extension of the latent class model is presented for clustering categorical data by relaxing the classical "class conditional independence assumption" of variables. This model consists in grouping the variables into inter-independent and…

Computation · Statistics 2015-10-01 Matthieu Marbac , Christophe Biernacki , Vincent Vandewalle

Deep learning models used for medical image classification tasks are often constrained by the limited amount of training data along with severe class imbalance. Despite these problems, models should be explainable to enable human trust in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Vaibhav Ganatra , Drishti Goel