Related papers: The Differential Geometry of Homogeneity Spaces Ac…
Applied researchers often claim that the risk difference is more heterogeneous than the relative risk and the odds ratio. Some also argue that there are theoretical grounds for why this claim is true. In this note, we point out that these…
In clinical trials studying paired parts of a subject with binary outcomes, it is expected to collect measurements bilaterally. However, there are cases where subjects contribute measurements for only one part. By utilizing combined data,…
Stratifying factors, like age and gender, can modify the effect of treatments and exposures on risk of a studied outcome. Several effect measures, including the relative risk, hazard ratio, odds ratio, and risk difference, can be used to…
In this paper, we consider testing the homogeneity of risk differences in independent binomial distributions especially when data are sparse. We point out some drawback of existing tests in either controlling a nominal size or obtaining…
Comparative binary outcome data are of fundamental interest in statistics and are often pooled in meta-analyses. Here we examine the simplest case where for each study there are two patient groups and a binary event of interest, giving rise…
Hazard ratios are prone to selection bias, compromising their use as causal estimands. On the other hand, the hazard difference has been shown to remain unaffected by the selection of frailty factors over time. Therefore, observed hazard…
In clinical studies with paired organs, binary outcomes often exhibit intra-subject correlation and may include a mixture of unilateral and bilateral observations. Under Donner's constant correlation model, we develop three likelihood-based…
Testing effect size homogeneity is an essential part when conducting a meta-analysis. Comparative studies of effect size homogeneity tests in case of binary outcomes are found in the literature, but no test has come out as an absolute…
Simple sensitivity analysis results are given for differential measurement error of either the exposure or the outcome. In the case of differential measurement error of the outcome it is shown that the true effect of the exposure on the…
Meta-analyses are commonly performed based on random-effects models, while in certain cases one might also argue in favour of a common-effect model. One such case may be given by the example of two "study twins" that are performed according…
The participants in randomized trials and other studies used for causal inference are often not representative of the populations seen by clinical decision-makers. To account for differences between populations, researchers may consider…
Under the null hypothesis, the marginal probability of the positive response is symmetric at any specified correlated coefficient, and the discordance probability is also symmetric to the positive response probability. The marginal…
Specifications that impose constant treatment effects are common but biased, while fully flexible alternatives can be imprecise or infeasible. Under a bound on treatment effect heterogeneity, we propose a generalized ridge estimator,…
In high-dimensional sparse regression, would increasing the signal-to-noise ratio while fixing the sparsity level always lead to better model selection? For high-dimensional sparse regression problems, surprisingly, in this paper we answer…
This article proposes different tests for treatment effect heterogeneity when the outcome of interest, typically a duration variable, may be right-censored. The proposed tests study whether a policy 1) has zero distributional (average)…
Meta-regression is often used to form hypotheses about what is associated with heterogeneity in a meta-analysis and to estimate the extent to which effects can vary between cohorts and other distinguishing factors. However, study-level…
There are many measures to report so-called treatment or causal effects: absolute difference, ratio, odds ratio, number needed to treat, and so on. The choice of a measure, e.g. absolute versus relative, is often debated because it leads to…
Imagine that you could calculate of posttest probabilities, i.e. Bayes theorem with simple addition. This is possible if we stop thinking of probabilities as ranging from 0 to 1.0. There is a naturally occurring linear probability space…
In systems biology, it is becoming increasingly common to measure biochemical entities at different levels of the same biological system. Hence, data fusion problems are abundant in the life sciences. With the availability of a multitude of…
Empirical researchers often use slope-homogeneity tests to assess whether slopes can be treated as common across units. A key difficulty is that heterogeneity may be concentrated in a small number of units, so that a failure to reject…