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The reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have increased greatly over the last few years, as have their size and complexity. Nonetheless, the use of LLMs in production remains challenging due to their unpredictable nature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Nicolò Brunello , Davide Rigamonti , Andrea Sassella , Vincenzo Scotti , Mark James Carman

Decoding strategies manipulate the probability distribution underlying the output of a language model and can therefore affect both generation quality and its uncertainty. In this study, we investigate the impact of decoding strategies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Wataru Hashimoto , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

We present algorithms for initializing a convolutional network coding scheme in networks that may contain cycles. An initialization process is needed if the network is unknown or if local encoding kernels are chosen randomly. During the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-06-25 Maxim Lvov , Haim H. Permuter

This paper concerns application of feedback in LT codes. The considered type of feedback is acknowledgments, where information on which symbols have been decoded is given to the transmitter. We identify an important adaptive mechanism in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-12-14 Jesper H. Sørensen , Petar Popovski , Jan Østergaard

Determining whether a program terminates is a core challenge in program analysis with direct implications for correctness, verification, and security. We investigate whether transformer architectures can recognise termination patterns…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yoav Alon , Cristina David

The state-of-the-art error correcting codes are based on large random constructions (random graphs, random permutations, ...) and are decoded by linear-time iterative algorithms. Because of these features, they are remarkable examples of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-08-31 Silvio Franz , Michele Leone , Andrea Montanari , Federico Ricci-Tersenghi

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in the realm of natural language understanding and programming code processing tasks. Their capacity to comprehend and generate human-like code has spurred research into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Chongzhou Fang , Ning Miao , Shaurya Srivastav , Jialin Liu , Ruoyu Zhang , Ruijie Fang , Asmita , Ryan Tsang , Najmeh Nazari , Han Wang , Houman Homayoun

In the literature there exists analytical expressions for the probability of a receiver decoding a transmitted source message that has been encoded using random linear network coding. In this work, we look into the probability that the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Jessica Claridge , Ioannis Chatzigeorgiou

Worked examples, which present an explained code for solving typical programming problems are among the most popular types of learning content in programming classes. Most approaches and tools for presenting these examples to students are…

Decoding sequences that stem from multiple transmissions of a codeword over an insertion, deletion, and substitution channel is a critical component of efficient deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) data storage systems. In this paper, we consider a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Issam Maarouf , Andreas Lenz , Lorenz Welter , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eirik Rosnes , Alexandre Graell i Amat

While linear programming (LP) decoding provides more flexibility for finite-length performance analysis than iterative message-passing (IMP) decoding, it is computationally more complex to implement in its original form, due to both the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-02-05 Mohammad H. Taghavi , Amin Shokrollahi , Paul H. Siegel

The analysis of the results of a depletion code is often considered a tedious and delicate task for it requires both the processing of large volume of information (the time dependent composition of up to thousands isomeric states) and an…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-06-14 Benjamin Dechenaux

We consider recursive decoding techniques for RM codes, their subcodes, and newly designed codes. For moderate lengths up to 512, we obtain near-optimum decoding with feasible complexity.

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-17 Ilya Dumer , Kirill Shabunov

Speculative decoding is a pivotal technique to accelerate the inference of large language models (LLMs) by employing a smaller draft model to predict the target model's outputs. However, its efficacy can be limited due to the low predictive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiaoxuan Liu , Lanxiang Hu , Peter Bailis , Alvin Cheung , Zhijie Deng , Ion Stoica , Hao Zhang

To improve the efficiency of the encoding and the decoding is the important problem in the quantum error correction. In a preceding work, a general algorithm for decoding the stabilizer code is shown. This paper will show an decoding which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kenichiro Furuta

Raptor codes have been widely used in many multimedia broadcast/multicast applications. However, our understanding of Raptor codes is still incomplete due to the insufficient amount of theoretical work on the performance analysis of Raptor…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-30 Peng Wang , Guoqiang Mao , Zihuai Lin , Ming Ding , Weifa Liang , Xiaohu Ge , Zhiyun Lin

LLM text decoding is key component for perceived LLM quality. We demonstrate two experiments showing that decoding methods could be improved by manipulation of token probabilities. First, we test few LLM on SummEval summary scoring dataset,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Krystian Zawistowski

We give several different encodings of the step function of a Turing machine in intuitionistic linear logic, and calculate the denotations of these encodings in the Sweedler semantics.

Logic · Mathematics 2020-06-24 James Clift , Daniel Murfet

We propose a method to teach multiple large language models (LLM) to collaborate by interleaving their generations at the token level. We model the decision of which LLM generates the next token as a latent variable. By optimizing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Shannon Zejiang Shen , Hunter Lang , Bailin Wang , Yoon Kim , David Sontag

A novel permutation decoding method for Reed-Muller codes is presented. The complexity and the error correction performance of the suggested permutation decoding approach are similar to that of the recursive lists decoder. It is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Mikhail Kamenev , Yulia Kameneva , Oleg Kurmaev , Alexey Maevskiy