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The multi-fold chromatic number of the plane $\chi_m$ is the smallest number of colors $k$, sufficient to color each point of the Euclidean plane in exactly $m$ colors, so that for any pair of points at a unit distance from each other, two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-28 Jaan Parts

The quantum chromatic number, $\chi_q(G)$, of a graph $G$ was originally defined as the minimal number of colors necessary in a quantum protocol in which two provers that cannot communicate with each other but share an entangled state can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-10 Pawel Wocjan , Clive Elphick

A $q$-\emph{equitable coloring} of a graph $G$ is a proper $q$-coloring such that the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most one. In contrast with ordinary coloring, a graph may have an equitable $q$-coloring but has no equitable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-19 Keaitsuda Maneeruk Nakprasit , Kittikorn Nakprasit

We consider circular version of the famous Nelson-Hadwiger problem. It is know that 4 colors are necessary and 7 colors suffice to color the euclidean plane in such a way that points at distance one get different colors. In $r$-circular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-08 Konstanty Junosza-Szaniawski

We study colorings of the hyperbolic plane, analogously to the Hadwiger-Nelson problem for the Euclidean plane. The idea is to color points using the minimum number of colors such that no two points at distance exactly $d$ are of the same…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-31 Hugo Parlier , Camille Petit

A $(p,q)$-coloring of a graph $G$ is an edge-coloring of $G$ which assigns at least $q$ colors to each $p$-clique. The problem of determining the minimum number of colors, $f(n,p,q)$, needed to give a $(p,q)$-coloring of the complete graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Alex Cameron , Emily Heath

A coloring of the $\ell$-dimensional faces of $Q_n$ is called $d$-polychromatic if every embedded $Q_d$ has every color on at least one face. Denote by $p^\ell(d)$ the maximum number of colors such that any $Q_n$ can be colored in this way.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-03 Evan Chen

The $q$-ary block codes with two distances $d$ and $d+1$ are considered. Several constructions of such codes are given, as in the linear case all codes can be obtained by a simple modification of linear equidistant codes. Upper bounds for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-25 P. Boyvalenkov , K. Delchev , D. Zinoviev , V. Zinoviev

We consider the problem of extending and avoiding partial edge colorings of hypercubes; that is, given a partial edge coloring $\varphi$ of the $d$-dimensional hypercube $Q_d$, we are interested in whether there is a proper $d$-edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-05 Carl Johan Casselgren , Per Johansson , Klas Markström

The Hadwiger--Nelson problem is about determining the chromatic number of the plane (CNP), defined as the minimum number of colours needed to colour the plane so that no two points of distance 1 have the same colour. In this paper we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-21 Péter Ágoston

Fix positive integers $p$ and $q$ with $2 \leq q \leq {p \choose 2}$. An edge-coloring of the complete graph $K_n$ is said to be a $(p, q)$-coloring if every $K_p$ receives at least $q$ different colors. The function $f(n, p, q)$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-17 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Choongbum Lee , Benny Sudakov

Let $f(n,p,q)$ be the minimum number of colors necessary to color the edges of $K_n$ so that every $K_p$ is at least $q$-colored. We improve current bounds on the {7/4}n-3$, slightly improving the bound of Axenovich. We make small…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-04 Elliot Krop , Irina Krop

Let $n \ge d \ge \ell \ge 1$ be integers, and denote the $n$-dimensional hypercube by $Q_n$. A coloring of the $\ell$-dimensional subcubes $Q_\ell$ in $Q_n$ is called a $Q_\ell$-coloring. Such a coloring is $d$-polychromatic if every $Q_d$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-08 Eugene Han , David Offner

Given an $n$-vertex graph $G$ and two positive integers $d,k \in \mathbb{N}$, the ($d,kn$)-differential coloring problem asks for a coloring of the vertices of $G$ (if one exists) with distinct numbers from 1 to $kn$ (treated as…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-10-03 Michael Bekos , Stephen Kobourov , Michael Kaufmann , Sankar Veeramoni

A subset $M$ of vertices in a graph $G$ is a mutual-visibility set if for any two vertices $u,v\in{M}$ there exists a shortest $u$-$v$ path in $G$ that contains no elements of $M$ as internal vertices. Let $\chi_{\mu}(G)$ be the least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Maria Axenovich , Dingyuan Liu

A cube-like graph is a Cayley graph for the elementary abelian group of order $2^n$. In studies of the chromatic number of cube-like graphs, the $k$th power of the $n$-dimensional hypercube, $Q_n^k$, is frequently considered. This coloring…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-07 Janne I. Kokkala , Patric R. J. Östergård

The generalized Ramsey number $f(n, p, q)$ is the smallest number of colors needed to color the edges of the complete graph $K_n$ so that every $p$-clique spans at least $q$ colors. Erd\H{o}s and Gy\'arf\'as showed that $f(n, p, q)$ grows…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-14 Patrick Bennett , Ryan Cushman , Andrzej Dudek

We compute the Hadwiger-Nelson numbers $\chi(E^2)$ for certain number fields $E$, that is, the smallest number of colors required to color the points in the plane with coordinates in~$E$ so that no two points at distance $1$ from one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-24 David A. Madore

The Minimum Coloring Cut Problem is defined as follows: given a connected graph G with colored edges, find an edge cut E' of G (a minimal set of edges whose removal renders the graph disconnected) such that the number of colors used by the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-10 Augusto Bordini , Fábio Protti

Following a given ordering of the edges of a graph $G$, the greedy edge colouring procedure assigns to each edge the smallest available colour. The minimum number of colours thus involved is the chromatic index $\chi'(G)$, and the maximum…