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We generalize the notions of flippable and simultaneously flippable edges in a triangulation of a set S of points in the plane to so-called \emph{pseudo-simultaneously flippable edges}. Such edges are related to the notion of convex…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Michael Hoffmann , Micha Sharir , Adam Sheffer , Csaba D. Tóth , Emo Welzl

Let T be a triangulation of a simple polygon. A flip in T is the operation of removing one diagonal of T and adding a different one such that the resulting graph is again a triangulation. The flip distance between two triangulations is the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Oswin Aichholzer , Wolfgang Mulzer , Alexander Pilz

We consider the flip-width of geometric graphs, a notion of graph width recently introduced by Toru\'nczyk. We prove that many different types of geometric graphs have unbounded flip-width. These include interval graphs, permutation graphs,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-06-23 David Eppstein , Rose McCarty

Any two triangulations of a closed surface with the same number of vertices can be transformed into each other by a sequence of regular flips, provided the number of vertices exceeds a number N depending on the surface. Examples show that…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Simon A. King

Given two pants decompositions of a compact orientable surface $S$, we give an upper bound for their distance in the pants graph that depends logarithmically on their intersection number and polynomially on the Euler characteristic of $S$.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Marc Lackenby , Mehdi Yazdi

The rhombus tilings of a simply connected domain of the Euclidean plane are known to form a flip-connected space (a flip is the elementary operation on rhombus tilings which rotates 180{\deg} a hexagon made of three rhombi). Motivated by…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-12-07 Olivier Bodini , Thomas Fernique , Michael Rao , Eric Remila

Using existing technology, we prove a Masur-Minsky style distance formula for flip- graph distance between two triangulations, expressed as a sum of the distances of the projections of these triangulations into arc graphs of the suitable…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-11-17 Funda Gultepe , Christopher J Leininger

Flips in triangulations of convex polygons arise in many different settings. They are isomorphic to rotations in binary trees, define edges in the 1-skeleton of the Associahedron and cover relations in the Tamari Lattice. The complexity of…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Joseph Dorfer

Given a finite point set P in general position in the plane, a full triangulation is a maximal straight-line embedded plane graph on P. A partial triangulation is a full triangulation of some subset P' of P containing all extreme points in…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Uli Wagner , Emo Welzl

Flip graphs are a ubiquitous class of graphs, which encode relations induced on a set of combinatorial objects by elementary, local changes. Skeletons of associahedra, for instance, are the graphs induced by quadrilateral flips in…

Simultaneous diagonal flips in plane triangulations are investigated. It is proved that every $n$-vertex triangulation with at least six vertices has a simultaneous flip into a 4-connected triangulation, and that it can be computed in O(n)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-09-09 Prosenjit Bose , Jurek Czyzowicz , Zhicheng Gao , Pat Morin , David R. Wood

We consider the problem of reconfiguring non-crossing spanning trees on point sets. For a set $P$ of $n$ points in general position in the plane, the flip graph $F(P)$ has a vertex for each non-crossing spanning tree on $P$ and an edge…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Håvard Bakke Bjerkevik , Joseph Dorfer , Linda Kleist , Torsten Ueckerdt , Birgit Vogtenhuber

The degree of a map between orientable manifolds is a fundamental concept in topology, offering deep insights into the structure of the manifolds and the nature of the corresponding maps. This concept has been extensively studied,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Biplab Basak , Ayushi Trivedi

Consider a sequence of closed, orientable surfaces of fixed genus $g$ in a Riemannian manifold $M$ with uniform upper bounds on mean curvature and area. We show that on passing to a subsequence and choosing appropriate parametrisations, the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2008-11-13 Siddartha Gadgil , Harish Seshadri

For both triangulations of point sets and simple polygons, it is known that determining the flip distance between two triangulations is an NP-hard problem. To gain more insight into flips of triangulations and to characterize "where edges…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-08-10 Alexander Pilz

In this paper we consider the flip operation for combinatorial pointed pseudo-triangulations where faces have size 3 or 4, so-called combinatorial 4-PPTs. We show that every combinatorial 4-PPT is stretchable to a geometric…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-21 Oswin Aichholzer , Thomas Hackl , David Orden , Alexander Pilz , Maria Saumell , Birgit Vogtenhuber

Given two triangulations of a convex polygon, computing the minimum number of flips required to transform one to the other is a long-standing open problem. It is not known whether the problem is in P or NP-complete. We prove that two…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2012-05-14 Anna Lubiw , Vinayak Pathak

This paper develops an algorithm that identifies and decomposes a median graph of a triangulation of a 2-dimensional (2D) oriented bordered surface and in addition restores all corresponding triangulation whenever they exist. The algorithm…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-07-13 Weiwen Gu

It is known that the flip distance between two triangulations of a convex polygon is related to the minimum number of tetrahedra in the triangulation of some polyhedron. It is interesting to know whether these two numbers are the same. In…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-05-25 Zili Wang

This paper discusses a distance guarding concept on triangulation graphs, which can be associated with distance domination and distance vertex cover. We show how these subjects are interconnected and provide tight bounds for any n-vertex…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2013-07-09 Santiago Canales , Gregorio Hernández , Mafalda Martins , Inês Matos