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Related papers: The Lindley paradox in optical interferometry

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The Hong-Ou-Mandel effect provides a mechanism to determine the distinguishability of a photon pair by measuring the bunching rates of two photons interfering at a beam splitter. Of particular interest is the distinguishability in time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-28 Hannah Scott , Dominic Branford , Niclas Westerberg , Jonathan Leach , Erik M. Gauger

As with a Bell inequality, Hardy's paradox manifests a contradiction between the prediction given by quantum theory and local-hidden variable theories. In this work, we give two generalizations of Hardy's arguments for manifesting such a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Kai-Siang Chen , Shiladitya Mal , Gelo Noel M. Tabia , Yeong-Cherng Liang

The Mach-Zehnder interferometric setup quantitatively characterizing the wave-particle duality implements in fact a joint measurement of two unsharp observables. We present a necessary and sufficient condition for such a pair of unsharp…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-12 Nai-Le Liu , Li Li , Sixia Yu , Zeng-Bing Chen

A typical application for laser interferometers is a precision measurement of length changes that result in interferometric phase shifts. Such phase changes are typically predicted numerically, due to the com- plexity of the overlap…

Optics · Physics 2014-06-06 Gudrun Wanner , Gerhard Heinzel

Bayes' Theorem imposes inevitable limitations on the accuracy of screening tests by tying the test's predictive value to the disease prevalence. The aforementioned limitation is independent of the adequacy and make-up of the test and thus…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-15 Jacques Balayla

Wave-particle duality of photons with losses in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiment is done with the standard MZI with the beam splitter or the beam merger being…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-10 Chen Yang , Aiai Jia , Xue Deng , Yuchi Zhang , Gang Li , Shiyao Zhu , Tiancai Zhang

For a given data set the problem of selecting either Lindley or xgamma distribution with unknown parameter is investigated in this article. Both these distributions can be used quite effectively for analyzing skewed non-negative data and in…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-03 Subhradev Sen , Hazem Al-Mofleh , Sudhansu S. Maiti

The effects of the polarization characteristics of beam trains in optical long-baseline interferometers are well known and have led to difficulties in measuring the spatial coherence of astronomical sources in the past. This has been…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-23 Guy Perrin

Bayesian inference --- although becoming popular in physics and chemistry --- is hampered up to now by the vagueness of its notion of prior probability. Some of its supporters argue that this vagueness is the unavoidable consequence of the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2008-02-03 O. -A. Al-Hujaj , H. L. Harney

If a quantum system is prepared and later post-selected in certain states, "paradoxical" predictions for intermediate measurements can be obtained. This is the case both when the intermediate measurement is strong, i.e. a projective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-06 Matthew F. Pusey , Matthew S. Leifer

We consider Mach-Zehnder and Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometers with nonclassical states of light as input, and study the effect that dispersion inside the interferometer has on the sensitivity of phase measurements. We study in detail a number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. S. Simon , A. V. Sergienko , T. B. Bahder

Bayesian and frequentist criteria fundamentally differ, but often posterior and sampling distributions agree asymptotically (e.g., Gaussian with same covariance). For the corresponding single-draw experiment, we characterize the frequentist…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-04 David M. Kaplan , Longhao Zhuo

The treatment found on most general optics textbooks related to the phase contrast technique imposes limitations on the filter phase and object phase variations in order to mathematically explain it in a simple manner. We consider that this…

Recently, Torgerson and Mandel [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3939 (1996)] have reported a disagreement between two schemes for measuring the phase difference of a pair of optical fields. We analyze these schemes and derive their associated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marcia T. Fontenelle , Samuel L. Braunstein , Wolfgang P. Schleich , Mark Hillery

We study Bell's inequality in relation to the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox in the relativistic regime. For this purpose, a relativistically invariant observable is used in the calculation of the Bell's inequality, which results in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Won Tae Kim , Edwin J. Son

The Bayesian measure of sample information about the parameter, known as Lindley's measure, is widely used in various problems such as developing prior distributions, models for the likelihood functions and optimal designs. The predictive…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-01-06 Nader Ebrahimi , Ehsan S. Soofi , Refik Soyer

Light-pulse atom interferometers serve as tools for high-precision metrology and are targeting measurements of relativistic effects. This development is facilitated by extended interrogation times and large-momentum-transfer techniques…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-06 Christian Niehof , Daniel Derr , Enno Giese

In many complex systems studied in statistical physics, inter-arrival times between events such as solar flares, trades and neuron voltages follow a heavy-tailed distribution. The set of event times is fractal-like, being dense in some time…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-16 Katharina Hees , Smarak Nayak , Peter Straka

We consider the specification of prior distributions for Bayesian model comparison, focusing on regression-type models. We propose a particular joint specification of the prior distribution across models so that sensitivity of posterior…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-07-25 Petros Dellaportas , Jonathan J. Forster , Ioannis Ntzoufras

Optical interference is not only a fundamental phenomenon that has enabled new theories of light to be derived but it has also been used in interferometry for the measurement of small displacements, refractive index changes and surface…

Optics · Physics 2021-10-28 Chen Yang , Zhi-Yuan Zhou , Yan Li , Shi-Kai Liu , Zheng Ge , Guang-Can Guo , Bao-Sen Shi