Related papers: Measuring the basic parameters of neutron stars us…
Simultaneous, precise measurements of the mass $M$ and radius $R$ of neutron stars can yield uniquely valuable information about the still uncertain properties of cold matter at several times the density of nuclear matter. One method that…
We analyzed archival X-ray spectra of MXB 1728-34 obtained in 1996-99 by the Proportional Counter Array on board of the RXTE satellite. X-ray spectra were fitted to our extensive grids of model atmosphere spectra to determine the effective…
Neutron stars are the densest, directly observable stellar objects in the universe and serve as unique astrophysical laboratories to study the behavior of matter under extreme physical conditions. This book chapter is devoted to describing…
Superbursts are rare day-long Type I X-ray bursts due to carbon flashes on accreting neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries. They heat the neutron star envelope such that the burning of accreted hydrogen and helium becomes stable, and the…
Observations of cooling neutron stars allow to measure photospheric radii and to constrain the equation of state of nuclear matter at high densities. In this paper we concentrate on neutron stars, which show thermal (photospheric) X-ray…
After giving an overview of the history and idea of neutron stars, I shall introduce, in part one of my lectures, a representative collection of models for the equation of state of superdense neutron star matter, which account for various…
The properties and composition of the outer crust of nonaccreting cold neutron stars are studied by applying the model of Baym, Pethick, and Sutherland, which was extended by including higher order corrections of the atomic binding,…
We show that an analysis of multiwavelength observations of isolated neutron stars based on neutron star atmosphere models can be used not only to evaluate the neutron star effective temperature, but also to determine chemical composition…
Precision measurements of neutron star radii can provide a powerful probe of the properties of cold matter beyond nuclear density. Beginning in the late 1970s it was proposed that the radius could be obtained from the apparent or inferred…
We calculate temperature profiles and X-ray spectra of accretion disks around rapidly rotating neutron stars considering the full effect of general relativity. Computed disk temperatures and luminosities are compared with the EXOSAT data to…
When a neutron star accretes matter from a companion star in a low-mass X-ray binary, the accreted gas settles onto the stellar surface through a boundary/spreading layer. On rare occasions the accumulated gas undergoes a powerful…
In this paper we show that X-ray spectral observations of the ATHENA mission, which is planned to launch in 2031, can constrain the equation of state of superdense matter. We use our well-constrained continuum fitting method for mass and…
Motivated by a recent astrophysical measurement of the pressure of cold matter above nuclear-matter saturation density, we compute the equation of state of neutron star matter using accurately calibrated relativistic models. The uniform…
In the present work we apply a quantum hadrodynamic effective model in the mean-field approximation to the description of neutron stars. We consider an adjustable derivative-coupling model and study the parameter influence on the dynamics…
The goal of this work is to develop a simple analytic description of the emission properties (spectrum and polarization) of the condensed, strongly magnetized surface of neutron stars. We have improved the method of van Adelsberg et al.…
The Neutron-star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) is an X-ray astrophysics payload that will be placed on the International Space Station. Its primary science goal is to measure with high accuracy the pulse profiles that arise from the…
We review several aspects of the calculation of exoplanet model atmospheres in the current era, with a focus on understanding the temperature-pressure profiles of atmospheres and their emitted spectra. Most of the focus is on gas giant…
One very promising technique for measuring the dense matter Equation of State exploits hotspots that form on the neutron star surface due to the pulsar mechanism, accretion streams, or during thermonuclear explosions in the neutron star…
In this lecture, we give a first introduction to neutron stars, based on fundamental physical principles. After outlining their outstanding macroscopic properties, as obtained from observations, we infer the extreme conditions of matter in…
Detailed modeling of the millisecond brightness oscillations during thermonuclear bursts from low mass X-ray binaries can provide important information about neutron star structure. Until now the implementation of this idea has not been…