Related papers: Next Generation Very Large Array Memo No. 8 Scienc…
The recent availability of wideband receivers and high sensitivity instruments in the mm and submm wavelengths has opened the possibility of studying in detail the chemistry of the interstellar medium in extragalactic objects. Within the…
Optical weak lensing surveys have become a powerful tool for precision cosmology, but remain subject to systematic effects that can severely bias cosmological parameter estimates if not carefully removed. We discuss the possibility of…
Observations of the molecular gas over scales of 0.5 to several kpc provide crucial information on how gas moves through galaxies, especially in mergers and interacting systems, where it ultimately reaches the galaxy center, accumulates,…
To continue the unparalleled success of the Very Large Array (VLA) for radio astronomy, the facility is currently being converted to become the 'Expanded VLA' (EVLA). The EVLA will radically improve the VLA in order to cover the full…
We build a background cluster candidate catalog from the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey, using our detection algorithm RedGOLD. The NGVS covers 104$deg^2$ of the Virgo cluster in the $u^*,g,r,i,z$-bandpasses to a depth of $ g \sim…
The next galactic core-collapse supernova will deliver a wealth of neutrinos which for the first time we are well-situated to measure. These explosions produce neutrinos with energies between 10 and 100 MeV over a period of tens of seconds.…
We perform simulations of the capabilities of the next generation Very Large Array to image stellar radio photospheres. For very large (in angle) stars, such as red supergiants within a few hundred parsecs, good imaging fidelity results can…
The SKA will be a unique instrument with which to study the evolution of the gas content of galaxies. A proposed deep (~8 Msec) 'pencil-beam' survey is simulated using recently updated specifications for SKA sensitivity and survey speed.…
We present the highest spatial resolution (~0.5") CO (3-2) observations to date of the "overlap" region in the merging Antennae galaxies (NGC 4038/39), taken with the ALMA. We report on the discovery of a long (3 kpc), thin (aspect ratio…
One of the last missing pieces in the puzzle of galaxy formation and evolution through cosmic history is a detailed picture of the role of the cold gas supply in the star-formation process. Cold gas is the fuel for star formation, and thus…
The ngVLA is a new interferometric radio astronomy facility with transformative capabilities, being developed by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. It combines two orders of magnitude in frequency coverage, over 1.2 - 116 GHz, with…
Given its extraordinary spatial resolution and sensitivity, the projected Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) is likely to detect a large number of high-redshift QSOs lensed by spiral galaxies. Using realistic models for the QSO and…
The water snowline in protoplanetary disks is one of the most pivotal locations for planet formation: it sets a critical boundary of chemical composition in the disk and likely serves as a favorable site of planetesimal growth and planet…
The cosmological case for a next generation radio observatory, the Square Kilometer Array, is discussed and reviewed. An instrument like the SKA would be able to measure galaxy redshifts of normal late-type galaxies, via the 21 cm line of…
Most of the stars today reside in galactic spheroids, whose properties are tightly tied to the supermassive black holes (MBHs) at their centers, implying that the accretion activity onto MBHs leaves a lasting imprint on the evolution of…
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of high-J CO lines ($J_\mathrm{up}=6$, 7, 8) and associated dust continuum towards five strongly lensed, dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at redshift $z =…
The past decade has seen an explosion of discoveries and new insights into the diffuse gas within galaxies, galaxy clusters, and the filaments composing the Cosmic Web. A new decade will bring fresh opportunities to further this progress…
The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) will enable studies of star formation in nearby galaxies with a level of detail never before possible outside of the Milky Way. Because the earliest stages of stellar evolution are often inaccessible at…
Existing (Spitzer Space Telescope) and upcoming (Herschel Space Telescope) facilities are deepening our understanding of the role of dust in tracing the energy budget and chemical evolution of galaxies. The tools we are developing while…
The high sensitivity of JWST will open a new window on the end of the cosmological dark ages. Small stellar clusters, with a stellar mass of several 10^6 M_sun, and low-mass black holes (BHs), with a mass of several 10^5 M_sun should be…