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Related papers: Causality for nonlocal phenomena

200 papers

We introduce a variational first-order Sobolev calculus on metric measure spacetimes. The key object is the maximal weak subslope of an arbitrary causal function, which plays the role of the (Lorentzian) modulus of its differential. It is…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-21 Tobias Beran , Mathias Braun , Matteo Calisti , Nicola Gigli , Robert J. McCann , Argam Ohanyan , Felix Rott , Clemens Sämann

In this work we provide the full description of the upper levels of the classical causal ladder for spacetimes in the context of Lorenztian length spaces, thus establishing the hierarchy between them. We also show that global hyperbolicity,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-16 L. Ake Hau , Armando J. Cabrera Pacheco , Didier A. Solis

Measuring dependence between random variables is a fundamental problem in Statistics, with applications across diverse fields. While classical measures such as Pearson's correlation have been widely used for over a century, they have…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Marta Catalano , Hugo Lavenant

This paper deals with the problem of estimating the probability that one event was a cause of another in a given scenario. Using structural-semantical definitions of the probabilities of necessary or sufficient causation (or both), we show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Jin Tian , Judea Pearl

We present a novel derivation of special relativity based on the information physics of events comprising a causal set. We postulate that events are fundamental, and that some events have the potential to receive information about other…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-08-31 Kevin H. Knuth , Newshaw Bahrenyi

Bell's theorem depends crucially on counterfactual reasoning, and is mistakenly interpreted as ruling out a local explanation for the correlations which can be observed between the results of measurements performed on spatially-separated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mark A. Rubin

I discuss the idea of relativistic causality, i.e. the requirement that causal processes or signals can propagate only within the light-cone. After briefly locating this requirement in the philosophy of causation, my main aim is to draw…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Jeremy Butterfield

In present work we examine the implications on both, space-time measures and causal structure, of a generalization of the local causality postulate by asserting its validity to all motion regimes, the subluminal and superluminal ones. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-11 Benjamín Calvo-Mozo

In this work we will focus on the causal character of Carter Spacetime (see B. Carter, Causal structure in space-time, Gen. Rel. Grav. 1 4 337-406, 1971). The importance of this spacetime is the following: for the causally best well behaved…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-30 Oihane F. Blanco , Andrea Moreira

It is shown that the correlations predicted by relativistic quantum field theory in locally normal states between projections in local von Neumann algebras $\cA(V_1),\cA(V_2)$ associated with spacelike separated spacetime regions $V_1,V_2$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Miklos Redei , Stephen J. Summers

There has been a body of works deriving the complex Hilbert space structure of quantum theory from axioms/principles/postulates to deepen our understanding about quantum theory and to reveal ways to go beyond it to resolve foundational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-26 Ding Jia

In this review paper, we consider the fundamental nature of time and causality, most particularly, in the context of the theories of special and general relativity. We also discuss the issue of closed timelike curves in the context of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-04-15 Orfeu Bertolami , Francisco S. N. Lobo

Causal spaces have recently been introduced as a measure-theoretic framework to encode the notion of causality. While it has some advantages over established frameworks, such as structural causal models, the theory is so far only developed…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-07 Simon Buchholz , Junhyung Park , Bernhard Schölkopf

The problem of using observed correlations to infer causal relations is relevant to a wide variety of scientific disciplines. Yet given correlations between just two classical variables, it is impossible to determine whether they arose from…

In the interpretation of experimental data, one is actually looking for plausible explanations. We look for a measure of plausibility, with which we can compare different possible explanations, and which can be combined when there are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-12-30 Wan Ahmad Tajuddin Wan Abdullah

Theorems (most notably by Hegerfeldt) prove that an initially localized particle whose time evolution is determined by a positive Hamiltonian will violate causality. We argue that this apparent paradox is resolved for a free particle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 N. Barat , J. C. Kimball

The conceptual definition and understanding of the nature of time, both qualitatively and quantitatively is of the utmost difficulty and importance, and plays a fundamental role in physics. Physical systems seem to evolve in paths of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-01-14 Francisco S. N. Lobo

This paper provides a thorough introduction to the causal set hypothesis aimed at students, and other interested persons, with some knowledge of general relativity and nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. I elucidate the arguments for why the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 David D. Reid

How to understand the set of correlations admissible in nature is one outstanding open problem in the core of the foundations of quantum theory. Here we take a complementary viewpoint to the device-independent approach, and explore the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 John H. Selby , Ana Belén Sainz , Victor Magron , Łukasz Czekaj , Michał Horodecki

It has been a long time issue in statistical physics how to combine reversible microscopic equations with irreversible macroscopic behavior. Recently, Evans and Searles have suggested causality as the key concept for a solution to the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 W. Pietsch