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The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is used by the bzip2 family of compressors. In this paper, we present a hardware architecture that implements an inplace algorithm to compute the BWT. Our design does not have explicit storage for the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-07 Kleber Stangherlin , Andrew Kennings

Compression is beneficial because it helps detract resource usage. It reduces data storage space as well as transmission traffic and improves web pages loading. Run-length coding (RLC) is a lossless data compression algorithm. Data are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-30 Kaveh Geyratmand Haghighi , Mirkamal Mirnia , Ahmad Habibizad Navin

Shannon's entropy is a clear lower bound for statistical compression. The situation is not so well understood for dictionary-based compression. A plausible lower bound is $b$, the least number of phrases of a general bidirectional parse of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Gonzalo Navarro , Carlos Ochoa , Nicola Prezza

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) serves as the basis for many important sequence indexes. On very large datasets (e.g. genomic databases), classical BWT construction algorithms are often infeasible because they usually need to have the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jannik Olbrich

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is a fundamental component in many data structures for text indexing and compression, widely used in areas such as bioinformatics and information retrieval. The extended BWT (eBWT) generalizes the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Florian Ingels , Anaïs Denis , Bastien Cazaux

We present two variations of Duval's algorithm for computing the Lyndon factorization of a word. The first algorithm is designed for the case of small alphabets and is able to skip a significant portion of the characters of the string, for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-07-14 Sukhpal Singh Ghuman , Emanuele Giaquinta , Jorma Tarhio

In this paper we present a new fast algorithm finding minimal reset words for finite synchronizing automata. The problem is know to be computationally hard, and our algorithm is exponential. Yet, it is faster than the algorithms used so far…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-15 Andrzej Kisielewicz , Jakub Kowalski , Marek Szykuła

To handle vast amounts of data, it is natural and popular to compress vectors and matrices. When we compress a vector from size $N$ down to size $n \ll N$, it certainly makes it easier to store and transmit efficiently, but does it also…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Amir Abboud , Arturs Backurs , Karl Bringmann , Marvin Künnemann

Lexicographically minimal string rotation (LMSR) is a problem to find the minimal one among all rotations of a string in the lexicographical order, which is widely used in equality checking of graphs, polygons, automata and chemical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-05 Qisheng Wang , Mingsheng Ying

This paper gives new results for synchronization strings, a powerful combinatorial object that allows to efficiently deal with insertions and deletions in various communication settings: $\bullet$ We give a deterministic, linear time…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Bernhard Haeupler , Amirbehshad Shahrasbi

The sensitivity of a string compression algorithm $C$ asks how much the output size $C(T)$ for an input string $T$ can increase when a single character edit operation is performed on $T$. This notion enables one to measure the robustness of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Tooru Akagi , Mitsuru Funakoshi , Shunsuke Inenaga

We show that the number of distinct squares in a packed string of length $n$ over an alphabet of size $\sigma$ can be computed in $O(n/\log_\sigma n)$ time in the word-RAM model. This paper is the first to introduce a sublinear-time…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Panagiotis Charalampopoulos , Manal Mohamed , Jakub Radoszewski , Wojciech Rytter , Tomasz Waleń , Wiktor Zuba

In this paper we describe algorithms for computing the BWT and for building (compressed) indexes in external memory. The innovative feature of our algorithms is that they are lightweight in the sense that, for an input of size $n$, they use…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Paolo Ferragina , Travis Gagie , Giovanni Manzini

In this paper we show how to use one or more assembled or partially assembled genome as the basis for a compressed full-text index of its readset. Specifically, we build a labelled tree by taking the assembled genome as a trunk and grafting…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Travis Gagie , Garance Gourdel , Giovanni Manzini

A factor $u$ of a word $w$ is a cover of $w$ if every position in $w$ lies within some occurrence of $u$ in $w$. A word $w$ covered by $u$ thus generalizes the idea of a repetition, that is, a word composed of exact concatenations of $u$.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-01-03 Tomasz Kociumaka , Jakub Radoszewski , Wojciech Rytter , Solon P. Pissis , Tomasz Waleń

Until recently, most experts would probably have agreed we cannot backwards-step in constant time with a run-length compressed Burrows-Wheeler Transform (RLBWT), since doing so relies on rank queries on sparse bitvectors and those inherit…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Nathaniel K. Brown , Travis Gagie , Massimiliano Rossi

In this paper we give an infinite family of strings for which the length of the Lempel-Ziv'77 parse is a factor $\Omega(\log n/\log\log n)$ smaller than the smallest run-length grammar.

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Philip Bille , Travis Gagie , Inge Li Gørtz , Nicola Prezza

The run-length compressed Burrows-Wheeler transform (RLBWT) used in conjunction with the backward search introduced in the FM index is the centerpiece of most compressed indexes working on highly-repetitive data sets like biological…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Jin Jie Deng , Wing-Kai Hon , Dominik Köppl , Kunihiko Sadakane

The Positional Burrows--Wheeler Transform (PBWT) is a data structure designed for efficiently representing and querying large collections of sequences, such as haplotype panels in genomics. Forward and backward stepping operations --…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Paola Bonizzoni , Davide Cozzi , Younan Gao

A string is said to be closed if its length is one, or if it has a non-empty factor that occurs both as a prefix and as a suffix of the string, but does not occur elsewhere. The notion of closed words was introduced by [Fici, WORDS 2011].…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Takuya Mieno , Shun Takahashi , Kazuhisa Seto , Takashi Horiyama