Related papers: The Vampire and the FOOL

PIE is a Prolog-embedded environment for automated reasoning on the basis of first-order logic. Its main focus is on formulas, as constituents of complex formalizations that are structured through formula macros, and as outputs of reasoning…

We show that the decidability of the first-order theory of the language that combines Boolean algebras of sets of uninterpreted elements with Presburger arithmetic operations. We thereby disprove a recent conjecture that this theory is…

In this paper we demonstrate that the class of basic feasible functionals has recursion theoretic properties which naturally generalize the corresponding properties of the class of feasible functions. We also improve the Kapron - Cook…

A step-by-step presentation of the code for a small theorem prover introduces theorem-proving techniques. The programming language used is Standard ML. The prover operates on a sequent calculus formulation of first-order logic, which is…

Recently, in Axioms 10(2): 119 (2021), a nonclassical first-order theory T of sets and functions has been introduced as the collection of axioms we have to accept if we want a foundational theory for (all of) mathematics that is not weaker…

In this paper, our aim is to briefly survey and articulate the logical and philosophical foundations of using (first-order) logic to represent (probabilistic) knowledge in a non-technical fashion. Our motivation is three fold. First, for…

Application domains that require considering relationships among objects which have real-valued attributes are becoming even more important. In this paper we propose NeuralLog, a first-order logic language that is compiled to a neural…

There is an increasing interest in applying recent advances in AI to automated reasoning, as it may provide useful heuristics in reasoning over formalisms in first-order, second-order, or even meta-logics. To facilitate this research, we…

Higher-order constructs extend the expressiveness of first-order (Constraint) Logic Programming ((C)LP) both syntactically and semantically. At the same time assertions have been in use for some time in (C)LP systems helping programmers…

Artificial Intelligence aims to provide computer programs with commonsense knowledge to reason about our world. This paper offers a new practical approach towards automated commonsense reasoning with first-order logic (FOL) ontologies. We…

In deduction modulo, a theory is not represented by a set of axioms but by a congruence on propositions modulo which the inference rules of standard deductive systems---such as for instance natural deduction---are applied. Therefore, the…

We consider the one-variable fragment of first-order logic extended with Presburger constraints. The logic is designed in such a way that it subsumes the previously-known fragments extended with counting, modulo counting or cardinality…

We consider a language together with the subword relation, the cover relation, and regular predicates. For such structures, we consider the extension of first-order logic by threshold- and modulo-counting quantifiers. Depending on the…

Algebraic logic studies algebraic theories related to proposition and first-order logic. A new algebraic approach to first-order logic is sketched in this paper. We introduce the notion of a quantifier theory, which is a functor from the…

Automated theorem proving has long been a key task of artificial intelligence. Proofs form the bedrock of rigorous scientific inquiry. Many tools for both partially and fully automating their derivations have been developed over the last…

This note discusses proofs for convergence of first-order methods based on simple potential-function arguments. We cover methods like gradient descent (for both smooth and non-smooth settings), mirror descent, and some accelerated variants.

Resolution modulo is a first-order theorem proving method that can be applied both to first-order presentations of simple type theory (also called higher-order logic) and to set theory. When it is applied to some first-order presentations…

First-order learning involves finding a clause-form definition of a relation from examples of the relation and relevant background information. In this paper, a particular first-order learning system is modified to customize it for finding…

We introduce an extension of first-order logic that comes equipped with additional predicates for reasoning about an abstract state. Sequents in the logic comprise a main formula together with pre- and postconditions in the style of Hoare…

This paper presents a programming language which includes paradigms that are usually associated with declarative languages, such as sets, rules and search, into an imperative (functional) language. Although these paradigms are separately…