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Related papers: How Good is Multi-Pivot Quicksort?

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Dual-pivot quicksort refers to variants of classical quicksort where in the partitioning step two pivots are used to split the input into three segments. This can be done in different ways, giving rise to different algorithms. Recently, a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-10-14 Martin Aumüller , Martin Dietzfelbinger

The new dual-pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy - used in Oracle's Java runtime library since version 7 - features intriguing asymmetries. They make a basic variant of this algorithm use less comparisons than classic single-pivot…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Sebastian Wild , Markus E. Nebel , Conrado Martínez

In 2009, Oracle replaced the long-serving sorting algorithm in its Java 7 runtime library by a new dual-pivot Quicksort variant due to Vladimir Yaroslavskiy. The decision was based on the strikingly good performance of Yaroslavskiy's…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-16 Sebastian Wild , Markus E. Nebel , Ralph Neininger

In this paper, we analyse the dual pivot Quicksort, a variant of the standard Quicksort algorithm, in which two pivots are used for the partitioning of the array. We are solving recurrences of the expected number of key comparisons and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-31 Vasileios Iliopoulos , David B. Penman

The new dual-pivot Quicksort by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy - used in Oracle's Java runtime library since version 7 - features intriguing asymmetries in its behavior. They were shown to cause a basic variant of this algorithm to use less…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-06-16 Markus E. Nebel , Sebastian Wild

The analysis of algorithms mostly relies on counting classic elementary operations like additions, multiplications, comparisons, swaps etc. This approach is often sufficient to quantify an algorithm's efficiency. In some cases, however,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Conrado Martínez , Markus E. Nebel , Sebastian Wild

Recently, a new Quicksort variant due to Yaroslavskiy was chosen as standard sorting method for Oracle's Java 7 runtime library. The decision for the change was based on empirical studies showing that on average, the new algorithm is faster…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-10-29 Sebastian Wild , Markus E. Nebel

Because of unmatched improvements in CPU performance, memory transfers have become a bottleneck of program execution. As discovered in recent years, this also affects sorting in internal memory. Since partitioning around several pivots…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Conrado Martínez , Markus Nebel , Sebastian Wild

I discuss the new dual-pivot Quicksort that is nowadays used to sort arrays of primitive types in Java. I sketch theoretical analyses of this algorithm that offer a possible, and in my opinion plausible, explanation why (a) dual-pivot…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-09-29 Sebastian Wild

Much of the copious literature on the subject of sorting has concentrated on minimizing the number of comparisons and/or exchanges/copies. However, a more appropriate yardstick for the performance of sorting algorithms is based on the total…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-03 R. C. Hillyard , Yunlu Liaozheng , Sai Vineeth K. R

We consider a multi-pivot QuickSort algorithm using $K\in\mathbb{N}$ pivot elements to partition a nonsorted list into $K+1$ sublists in order to proceed recursively on these sublists. For the partitioning stage, various strategies are in…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Cecilia Holmgren , Jasper Ischebeck , Daniel Krenn , Florian Lesny , Ralph Neininger

QuickXsort is a highly efficient in-place sequential sorting scheme that mixes Hoare's Quicksort algorithm with X, where X can be chosen from a wider range of other known sorting algorithms, like Heapsort, Insertionsort and Mergesort. Its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Stefan Edelkamp , Armin Weiß , Sebastian Wild

Quicksort is an instructive classroom approach to parallel sorting on distributed memory parallel computers with many opportunities for illustrating specific implementation alternatives and tradeoffs with common communication interfaces…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-25 Jesper Larsson Träff

We analyse a generalisation of the Quicksort algorithm, where k uniformly at random chosen pivots are used for partitioning an array of n distinct keys. Specifically, the expected cost of this scheme is obtained, under the assumption of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Vasileios Iliopoulos

We consider the fundamental problem of internally sorting a sequence of $n$ elements. In its best theoretical setting QuickMergesort, a combination Quicksort with Mergesort with a Median-of-$\sqrt{n}$ pivot selection, requires at most $n…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-27 Stefan Edelkamp , Armin Weiß

QuickXsort is a strategy to combine Quicksort with another sorting method X, so that the result has essentially the same comparison cost as X in isolation, but sorts in place even when X requires a linear-size buffer. We solve the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Sebastian Wild

There is excitement within the algorithms community about a new partitioning method introduced by Yaroslavskiy. This algorithm renders Quicksort slightly faster than the case when it runs under classic partitioning methods. We show that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-11-18 Sebastian Wild , Markus E. Nebel , Hosam Mahmoud

This paper introduces a novel and efficient partitioning technique for quicksort, specifically designed for real-world data with duplicate elements (50-year-old problem). The method is referred to as "equal quicksort" or "eqsort". Based on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Parviz Afereidoon

Sorting algorithms have attracted a great deal of attention and study, as they have numerous applications to Mathematics, Computer Science and related fields. In this thesis, we first deal with the mathematical analysis of the Quicksort…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-10-05 Vasileios Iliopoulos

We present a stable mergesort variant, Multiway Powersort, that exploits existing runs and finds nearly-optimal merging orders for k-way merges with negligible overhead. This builds on Powersort (Munro & Wild, ESA2018), which has recently…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-18 William Cawley Gelling , Markus E. Nebel , Benjamin Smith , Sebastian Wild
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