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The aim of this paper is to present the technique (and its linkage with physics) of overcoming problems connected to modeling social structures, which are typically hierarchical. Hierarchical Linear Models provide a conceptual and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Magdalena Jelonek

Software product line has emerged as a valuable concept of developing software based on reusable software assets. The concept aims on effective utilization of software assets, reduced time to delivery, improved quality and better benefits…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-08-26 Faheem Ahmed , Luiz Fernando Capretz

The rise of machine learning (ML) and its integration into software systems has drastically changed development practices. While software engineering traditionally focused on manually created code artifacts with dedicated processes and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yorick Sens , Henriette Knopp , Sven Peldszus , Thorsten Berger

The concept of linearity plays a central role in both mathematics and computer science, with distinct yet complementary meanings. In mathematics, linearity underpins functions and vector spaces, forming the foundation of linear algebra and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Giulia Giusti

Specifying data requirements for machine learning (ML) software systems remains a challenge in requirements engineering (RE). This vision paper explores causal modelling as an RE activity that allows the systematic integration of prior…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Hans-Martin Heyn , Yufei Mao , Roland Weiss , Eric Knauss

Context: The importance of feature modeling languages for software product lines and the planning stage for a systematic literature review. Objective: A protocol for carrying out a systematic literature review about the evidence for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Samuel Sepúlveda , Jaime Díaz , Marcelo Esperguel

Ensuring the reliability and verifiability of large language model (LLM)-enabled systems remains a significant challenge in software engineering. We propose a probabilistic framework for systematically analyzing and improving these systems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Juan Manuel Baldonado , Flavia Bonomo-Braberman , Víctor Adrián Braberman

The overall goal of this paper is to investigate the theoretical foundations of algorithmic verification techniques for first order linear logic specifications. The fragment of linear logic we consider in this paper is based on the linear…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2007-05-23 M. Bozzano , G. Delzanno , M. Martelli

A number of machine learning models have been proposed with the goal of achieving systematic generalization: the ability to reason about new situations by combining aspects of previous experiences. These models leverage compositional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Devon Jarvis , Richard Klein , Benjamin Rosman , Andrew M. Saxe

Software systems are expansive, exhibiting behaviors characteristic of complex systems, such as self-organization and emergence. These systems, highlighted by advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and other AI applications developed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jan Žižka

In this paper, we define a Mathematical model of program structure. Mathematical model of program structure defined here provides unified mathematical treatment of program structure, which reveals that a program is a large and finite set of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-09-18 Kwangmyong Rim , Yonghua Choe

The work relates to the automatic generation of logical specifications, considered as sets of temporal logic formulas, extracted directly from developed software models. The extraction process is based on the assumption that the whole…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-06-27 Radoslaw Klimek

Contemporary intelligent systems incorporate software components, including machine learning components. As they grow in complexity and data volume such machine learning systems face unique quality challenges like scalability and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Simeon Emanuilov , Aleksandar Dimov

Diversity is prevalent in modern software systems. Several system variants exist at the same time in order to adapt to changing user requirements. Additionally, software systems evolve over time in order to adjust to unanticipated changes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-09-09 Arne Haber , Holger Renel , Bernhard Rumpe , Ina Schaefer

Large language models (LLMs) have substantially advanced machine learning research, including natural language processing, computer vision, data mining, etc., yet they still exhibit critical limitations in explainability, reliability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xin Wang , Haoyang Li , Haibo Chen , Zeyang Zhang , Wenwu Zhu

Model-Based Development (MBD) is widely used for embedded controls development, with Matlab Simulink being one of the most used modelling environments in industry. As with all software, Simulink models are subject to evolution over their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Monika Jaskolka , Vera Pantelic , Alan Wassyng , Mark Lawford

There is growing acknowledgement within the software engineering community that a theory of software development is needed to integrate the myriad methodologies that are currently popular, some of which are based on opposing perspectives.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Diana Kirk , Stephen G. MacDonell

The continuous software engineering paradigm is gaining popularity in modern development practices, where the interleaving of design and runtime activities is induced by the continuous evolution of software systems. In this context,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Romina Eramo , Michele Tucci , Daniele Di Pompeo , Vittorio Cortellessa , Antinisca Di Marco , Davide Taibi

A software architect uses quality requirements to design the architecture of a system. However, it is essential to ensure that the system's final architectural design achieves the standard quality requirements. The existing architectural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Ritu Kapur , Sumit Kalra , Kamlesh Tiwari , Geetika Arora