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This paper presents a new method to determine the susceptances of a reduced transmission network representation by using nonlinear optimization. We use Power Transfer Distribution Factors (PTDFs) to convert the original grid into a reduced…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Philipp Fortenbacher , Turhan Demiray , Christian Schaffner

Capacity expansion models for the electric power system often employ zonal (rather than nodal) resolution, necessitating estimates of aggregate power transfer limits across the interfaces between model zones. Interface limits between…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-08 Patrick R. Brown , Clayton P. Barrows , Jarrad G. Wright , Gregory L. Brinkman , Sourabh Dalvi , Jiazi Zhang , Trieu Mai

Topology optimization is a promising approach for mitigating congestion and managing changing grid conditions, but it is computationally challenging and requires approximations. Conventional distribution factors like PTDFs and LODFs, based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Maurizio Titz , Dirk Witthaut , Joost van Dijk , Benjamin Petrick , Nico Westerbeck

One of the methodologies that carry out the division of the electrical grid into zones is based on the aggregation of nodes characterized by similar Power Transfer Distribution Factors (PTDFs). Here, we point out that satisfactory…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2014-08-07 Michal Klos , Karol Wawrzyniak , Marcin Jakubek , Grzegorz Orynczak

We present a massively parallel solver that accelerates DC loadflow computations for power grid topology optimization tasks. Our approach leverages low-rank updates of the Power Transfer Distribution Factors (PTDFs) to represent substation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-30 Nico Westerbeck , Joost van Dijk , Jan Viebahn , Christian Merz , Dirk Witthaut

Probabilistic power flow (PPF) plays a critical role in power system analysis. However, the high computational burden makes it challenging for the practical implementation of PPF. This paper proposes a model-based deep learning approach to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-17 Yan Yang , Zhifang Yang , Juan Yu , Baosen Zhang

Distribution factors are indispensable tools in the design and analysis of power transmission grids. Recently, they received a renewed interest in the field of topology optimization, leading to the definition of bus merge and bus split…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Joost van Dijk , Nico Westerbeck , Lars Schewe , Andrea Benigni , Dirk Witthaut

Power flow calculation methods have been developed in decades using power injections and Newton-Raphson method. The nonlinear characteristics of the power flow to the bus voltage require Jacobian matrix reformation and refactorization in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-25 Renchang Dai , Xiang Zhang , Junjie Shi , Guangyi Liu , Chen Yuan , Zhiwei Wang

Probabilistic load flow (PLF) calculation, as a fundamental tool to analyze transmission system behavior, has been studied for decades. Despite a variety of available methods, existing PLF approaches rarely take system control into account.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-02 Mengshuo Jia , Qianni Cao , Chen Shen , Gabriela Hug

Power flow analysis plays a fundamental and critical role in the energy management system (EMS). It is required to well accommodate large and complex power system. To achieve a high performance and accurate power flow analysis, a graph…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Chen Yuan , Yi Lu , Wei Feng , Guangyi Liu , Renchang Dai , Yachen Tang , Zhiwei Wang

A new graph dual formalism is presented for the analysis of line outages in electricity networks. The dual formalism is based on a consideration of the flows around closed cycles in the network. After some exposition of the theory is…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2019-01-07 Henrik Ronellenfitsch , Debsankha Manik , Jonas Hörsch , Tom Brown , Dirk Witthaut

Linearization of power flow is an important topic in power system analysis. The computational burden can be greatly reduced under the linear power flow model while the model error is the main concern. Therefore, various linear power flow…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-09 hentong Shao , Qiaozhu Zhai , Jiang Wu , Xiaohong Guan

Power distribution systems are experiencing a large-scale integration of Converter-Interfaced Distributed Energy Resources (CIDERs). This complicates the analysis and mitigation of harmonics, whose creation and propagation are facilitated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-02 Andreas Martin Kettner , Lorenzo Reyes-Chamorro , Johanna Kristin Maria Becker , Zhixiang Zou , Marco Liserre , Mario Paolone

The power flow equations relate bus voltage phasors to power injections via the network admittance matrix. These equations are central to the key operational and protection functions of power systems (e.g., optimal power flow scheduling and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Samuel Talkington , Daniel Turizo , Sergio A. Dorado-Rojas , Rahul K. Gupta , Daniel K. Molzahn

Most power systems' approaches are currently tending towards stochastic and probabilistic methods due to the high variability of renewable sources and the stochastic nature of loads. Conventional power flow (PF) approaches such as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Deepak Tiwari , Mehdi Jabbari Zideh , Veeru Talreja , Vishal Verma , Sarika K. Solanki , Jignesh Solanki

In this paper, we present two multidimensional power flow formulations based on a fixed-point iteration (FPI) algorithm to efficiently solve hundreds of thousands of power flows in distribution systems. The presented algorithms are the base…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-08 Edgar Mauricio Salazar Duque , Juan S. Giraldo , Pedro P. Vergara , Phuong H. Nguyen , Han , Slootweg

With an increasing high penetration of solar photovoltaic generation in electric power grids, voltage phasors and branch power flows experience more severe fluctuations. In this context, probabilistic power flow (PPF) study aims at…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-03 Kejun Chen , Yu Zhang

Power flow analysis is used to evaluate the flow of electricity in the power system network. Power flow calculation is used to determine the steady-state variables of the system, such as the voltage magnitude/phase angle of each bus and the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-24 Thuan Pham , Xingpeng Li

Optimal power flow problems (OPFs) are mathematical programs used to determine how to distribute power over networks subject to network operation constraints and the physics of power flows. In this work, we take the view of treating an OPF…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-06 Fengyu Zhou , James Anderson , Steven H. Low

Solving the power flow problem in a distributed fashion empowers different grid operators to compute the overall grid state without having to share grid models-this is a practical problem to which industry does not have off-the-shelf…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-23 Tillmann Mühlpfordt , Xinliang Dai , Alexander Engelmann , Veit Hagenmeyer
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