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The edges surrounding a face of a map $M$ form a cycle $C$, called the boundary cycle of the face, and $C$ is often not a simple cycle. If the map $M$ is arc-transitive, then there is a cyclic subgroup of automorphisms of $M$ which leaves…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-05 Jiyong Chen , Cai Heng Li , Cheryl E. Praeger , Shu-Jiao Song

A properly colored cycle (path) in an edge-colored graph is a cycle (path) with consecutive edges assigned distinct colors. A monochromatic triangle is a cycle of length $3$ with the edges assigned a same color. It is known that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-24 Ruonan Li

In a RAC drawing of a graph, vertices are represented by points in the plane, adjacent vertices are connected by line segments, and crossings must form right angles. Graphs that admit such drawings are RAC graphs. RAC graphs are…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Steven Chaplick , Henry Förster , Myroslav Kryven , Alexander Wolff

For a planar graph with a given f-vector $(f_{0}, f_{1}, f_{2}),$ we introduce a cubic polynomial whose coefficients depend on the f-vector. The planar graph is said to be real if all the roots of the corresponding polynomial are real. Thus…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-29 M. R. Emamy-K. , Bahman Kalantari , Tatiana Correa

Let $G$ be a simple graph and $v$ be a vertex of $G$. The triangle-degree of $v$ in $G$ is the number of triangles that contain $v$. While every graph has at least two vertices with the same degree, there are graphs in which every vertex…

For a given positive integer t we consider graphs having maximal independent sets of precisely t distinct cardinalities and restrict our attention to those that have no vertices of degree one. In the situation when t is four or larger and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-10-20 Bert L. Hartnell , Douglas F. Rall

Partial cubes are graphs that can be isometrically embedded into hypercubes. Convex cycles play an important role in the study of partial cubes. In this paper, we prove that a regular partial cube is a hypercube (resp., a Doubled Odd graph,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Yan-Ting Xie , Yong-De Feng , Shou-Jun Xu

Consider a complete balanced bipartite graph $K_{n,n}$ and let $K^c_{n,n}$ be an edge-colored version of $K_{n,n}$ that is obtained from $K_{n,n}$ by having each edge assigned a certain color. A subgraph $H$ of $K^c_{n,n}$ is called…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-10 Shanshan Guo , Fei Huang , Jinjiang Yuan , C. T. Ng , T. C. E. Cheng

An almost self-centered graph is a connected graph of order $n$ with exactly $n-2$ central vertices, and an almost peripheral graph is a connected graph of order $n$ with exactly $n-1$ peripheral vertices. We determine (1) the maximum girth…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-24 Yanan Hu , Xingzhi Zhan

Let the Andr\'{a}sfai graph $\mathrm{And}_k$ be defined as the graph with vertex set $\{v_0,v_1,...c, v_{3k-2}\}$ and two vertices $v_i$ and $v_j$ being adjacent iff $|i-j| \equiv 1\mod 3$. The graphs $\mathrm{And}_k$ are maximal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Peter Christian Heinig

For a set of nonnegative integers $c_1, \ldots, c_k$, a $(c_1, c_2,\ldots, c_k)$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a partition of $V(G)$ into $V_1, \ldots, V_k$ such that for every $i$, $1\le i\le k, G[V_i]$ has maximum degree at most $c_i$. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-21 Heather Hoskins , Runrun Liu , Jennifer Vandenbussche , Gexin Yu

The problem of finding upper bounds for minimal vertex number of graphs with a given automorphism group is addressed in this article for the case of cyclic $2$-groups. We show that for any natural $n\ge 2$ there is an undirected graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-06 Peteris Daugulis

A graph is odd if all of its vertices have odd degrees. In particular, an odd spanning tree in a connected graph is a spanning tree in which all vertices have odd degrees. In this paper we establish a unified technique to enumerate odd…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Shaohan Xu , Kexiang Xu

A graph $G$ is $k$-ordered if for any distinct vertices $v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_k \in V(G)$, it has a cycle through $v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_k$ in order. Let $f(k)$ denote the minimum integer so that every $f(k)$-connected graph is $k$-ordered.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-01 Rose McCarty , Yan Wang , Xingxing Yu

Liu and Ma [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B, 2018] conjectured that every $2$-connected non-bipartite graph with minimum degree at least $k+1$ contains $\lceil k/2\rceil $ cycles with consecutive odd lengths. In particular, they showed that this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Hao Lin , Guanghui Wang , Wenling Zhou

A graph is called a nut graph if zero is its eigenvalue of multiplicity one and its corresponding eigenvector has no zero entries. A graph is a bicirculant if it admits an automorphism with two equally sized vertex orbits. There are four…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-11 Ivan Damnjanović , Nino Bašić , Tomaž Pisanski , Arjana Žitnik

An $acyclic$ edge coloring of a graph is a proper edge coloring such that there are no bichromatic cycle s. The \emph{acyclic chromatic index} of a graph is the minimum number k such that there is an acyclic e dge coloring using k colors…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-20 Manu Basavaraju , L. Sunil Chandran

A bipartite graph is chordal bipartite if every cycle of length at least 6 has a chord in it. In this paper, we investigate the structure of $P_5$-free chordal bipartite graphs and show that these graphs have a Nested Neighborhood Ordering,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-12-27 S Aadhavan , P Renjith , N Sadagopan

For a simple graph $G$, let $n$ and $m$ denote the number of vertices and edges in $G$, respectively. The Erd\H{o}s-Gallai theorem for paths states that in a simple $P_k$-free graph, $m \leq \frac{n(k-1)}{2}$, where $P_k$ denotes a path…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-08 Rajat Adak , L. Sunil Chandran

In 1991, Gnanajothi [4] proved that the path graph P_n with n vertex and n-1 edge is odd graceful, and the cycle graph C_m with m vertex and m edges is odd graceful if and only if m even, she proved the cycle graph is not graceful if m odd.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-04-22 M. Ibrahim Moussa