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Related papers: Four lectures on quasi-local mass

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We prove the following stronger verson of the positivity of quasi-local mass stated in gr-qc/0303019: the quasi-local energy (mass) of each connected component of the boundary of a compact spacelike hypersurface which satisfies the local…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Chiu-Chu Melissa Liu , Shing-Tung Yau

In this article, we study the small sphere limit of the Wang-Yau quasi-local energy defined in [18,19]. Given a point $p$ in a spacetime $N$, we consider a canonical family of surfaces approaching $p$ along its future null cone and evaluate…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-10-06 PoNing Chen , Mu-Tao Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

A quasi-local energy for Einstein's general relativity is defined by the value of the preferred boundary term in the covariant Hamiltonian formalism. The boundary term depends upon a choice of reference and a time-like displacement vector…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-28 Jian-Liang Liu , Chiang-Mei Chen , James M Nester

We propose a definition of quasi-local mass based on the Penrose Inequality. Two further definitions are given by measuring distortions of the exponential map.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-04 Neil N. Katz , Marcus A. Khuri

We give a brief review of the definition of the Wang-Yau quasilocal mass and discuss the evaluation of which on surfaces of unit size at null infinity of an axi-symmetric spacetime in Bondi-van der Burg-Metzner coordinates.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-06-26 Po-Ning Chen , Mu-Tao Wang , Ye-Kai Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

We present an introduction to mass and angular momentum in General Relativity. After briefly reviewing energy-momentum for matter fields, first in the flat Minkowski case (Special Relativity) and then in curved spacetimes with or without…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-18 J. L. Jaramillo , E. Gourgoulhon

Asymptotically flat gravitating systems have 10 conserved quantities, which lack proper local densities. It has been hoped that the teleparallel equivalent of Einstein's GR (TEGR, aka GR${}_{||}$) could solve this gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-09 James M. Nester , Fei-Hong Ho , Chiang-Mei Chen

We have proposed a program for determining the reference for the quasi-local energy defined in the covariant Hamiltonian formalism. Our program has been tested by applying it to the spherically symmetric spacetimes. With respect to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Chiang-Mei Chen , Jian-Liang Liu , James M. Nester , Ming-Fan Wu

A new generalization of the Hawking-Hayward quasilocal energy to scalar-tensor gravity is proposed without assuming symmetries, asymptotic flatness, or special spacetime metrics. The procedure followed is simple but powerful and consists of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-10 Valerio Faraoni

In this paper lower bounds are obtained for quasi-local masses in terms of charge, angular momentum, and horizon area. In particular we treat three quasi-local masses based on a Hamiltonian approach, namely the Brown-York, Liu-Yau, and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-01-19 Aghil Alaee , Marcus Khuri , Shing-Tung Yau

An `effective' quasi-local energy expression, motivated by the (relativistically corrected) Newtonian theory, is introduced in exact GR as the volume integral of all the source terms in the field equation for the Newtonian potential in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-27 Jörg Frauendiener , László B Szabados

We provide a direct proof for the positivity of Chen-Nester-Tung quasi-local energy with analytic reference in spherical symmetry. A hoop-type theorem for this energy is also established. Finally, the relation between Chen-Nester-Tung and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-09-05 Fei-hung Ho , Naqing Xie

Quasilocal definitions of stress-energy-momentum -- that is, in the form of boundary densities (rather than local volume densities) -- have proven generally very useful in formulating and applying conservation laws in general relativity. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-27 Marius Oltean , Hossein Bazrafshan Moghaddam , Richard J. Epp

In general relativity, the local gravitational energy is best characterised by the quasilocal mass. The small sphere limit of quasilocal mass provides us the most local notion of gravitational energy. In four dimensions, the limits were…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-27 Jinzhao Wang

We study the Cauchy problem of quasilinear Schr\"odinger equations, for which Kenig et al. (Invent Math, 2004; Adv Math, 2006) obtained large data local well-posedness by pseudo-differential techniques and viscosity methods, while Marzuola…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Jie Shao , Yi Zhou

Gravitating systems have no well-defined local energy-momentum density. Various quasilocal proposals have been made, however the center-of-mass moment (COM) has generally been overlooked. Asymptotically flat graviating systems have 10 total…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 James M. Nester , Feng-Feng Meng , Chiang-Mei Chen

The definition of quasi-local mass for a bounded space-like region in space-time is essential in several major unsettled problems in general relativity. The quasi-local mass is expected to be a type of flux integral on the boundary…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-11-13 Mu-Tao Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

These notes are based on a lecture course by L. Chekhov held at the University of Manchester in May 2006 and February-March 2007. They are divulgative in character, and instead of containing rigorous mathematical proofs, they illustrate…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-10-11 Leonid Chekhov

A general prescription for constructing quasi-local conserved quantities in General Relativity is proposed. The construction is applied to BMS symmetry generators in Newman-Unti gauge, so as to define quasi-local BMS charges. It is argued…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-21 Henk Bart

These notes basically contain a material of two mini--courses which were read in G\"{o}teborg in April 2015 during the author visit of Chalmers & G\"{o}teborg universities and in Beijing in November 2015 during "Chinese--Russian Workshop on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-12-03 Ilya D. Shkredov