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Maximal clique enumeration appears in various real-world networks, such as social networks and protein-protein interaction networks for different applications. For general graph inputs, the number of maximal cliques can be up to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Hodaka Yamaji

Let $G$ be a finite group and let $N$ be a normal subgroup of $G$. We attach to $N$ two graphs ${\Gamma}_G(N)$ and ${\Gamma}^{\ast}_G(N)$ related to the conjugacy classes of $G$ contained in $N$ and to the set of primes dividing the sizes…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-12 Antonio Beltrán , María José Felipe , Carmen Melchor

Given a finite group $G$, denote by $\Gamma(G)$ the simple undirected graph whose vertices are the distinct sizes of noncentral conjugacy classes of $G$, and set two vertices of $\Gamma(G)$ to be adjacent if and only if they are not coprime…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-06-10 Mariagrazia Bianchi , Rachel D. Camina , Marcel Herzog , Emanuele Pacifici

In this sequel paper, we continue the analysis of the prime order element graph $\Gamma(G)$ of a finite group $G$, where vertices are elements of $G$ and edges connect distinct elements $x, y$ satisfying $\circ(xy) = p$ for some prime $p$.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-11 Tapa Manna , Sauvik Poddar , Angsuman Das , Baby Bhattacharya

In this communication, the co-maximal subgroup graph $\Gamma(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is examined when $G$ is a finite nilpotent group, finite abelian group, dihedral group $D_n$, dicyclic group $Q_{2^n}$, and $p$-group. We derive the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-11 Pallabi Manna , Santanu Mandal , Manideepa Saha

Motivated by the well-known Paley graphs over finite fields and their generalizations, in this paper we explore a natural multiplicative-additive analogue of such graphs arising from vector spaces over finite fields. Namely, if $n\ge 2$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-10 Lucas Reis

Let $\Gamma_k(V)$ be the Grassmann graph whose vertex set ${\mathcal G}_{k}(V)$ is formed by all $k$-dimensional subspaces of an $n$-dimensional vector space $V$ over the finite field $F_q$ consisting of $q$ elements. Denote by $\Pi[n,k]_q$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Edyta Bartnicka

Let $G$ be a finite non-abelian group and ${\Gamma}_{nc}(G)$ be its non-commuting graph. In this paper, we compute spectrum and energy of ${\Gamma}_{nc}(G)$ for certain classes of finite groups. As a consequence of our results we construct…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Walaa Nabil Taha Fasfous , Rajat Kanti Nath

The codegree of an irreducible character $\chi$ of a finite group $G$ is defined as $|G:\ker\chi|/\chi(1)$. The codegree graph $\Gamma(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is the graph whose vertices are the prime divisors of $|G|$, where two distinct…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Jiyong Chen , Ni Du , Leyi Li

In this article, we propose a geometric framework dedicated to the study of van Kampen diagrams of graph products of groups. As an application, we find information on the word and the conjugacy problems. The main new result of the paper…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-12 Anthony Genevois

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with non-zero identity. The cozero-divisor graph of $R$, denoted by $\Gamma^{\prime}(R)$, is a graph with vertices in $W^*(R)$, which is the set of all non-zero and non-unit elements of $R$, and two distinct…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-24 R. Nikandish , M. J. Nikmehr , M. Bakhtyiari

In this paper, we study different forbidden subgraph characterizations of the prime-order element graph $\Gamma(G)$ defined on a finite group $G$. Its set of vertices is the group $G$ and two vertices $x,y \in G$ are adjacent if the order…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-31 Tapa Manna , Angsuman Das , Baby Bhattacharya

If $\Gamma$ is a graph for which every edge is in exactly one clique of order $\omega$, then one can form a new graph with vertex set equal to these cliques. This is a generalization of the line graph of $\Gamma$. We discover many general…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-26 Robert R. Petro , Connor M. Phillips

Let X be a non-empty finite set and alpha a symmetric bilinear form on a real finite dimensional vector space E. We say that a set GG={U_i | i in X} of linear lines in E is an isometric sheaf, if there exist generators u_i of the lines U_i,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-02-12 Lucas Vienne

For a graph $G$, the $\gamma$-graph of $G$, $G(\gamma)$, is the graph whose vertices correspond to the minimum dominating sets of $G$, and where two vertices of $G(\gamma)$ are adjacent if and only if their corresponding dominating sets in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-10 C. M. Mynhardt , L. E. Teshima

Given a finite simple graph $\Gamma$ on $n$ vertices its complementary prism is the graph $\Gamma\bar{\Gamma}$ that is obtained from $\Gamma$ and its complement $\bar{\Gamma}$ by adding a perfect matching, where each its edge connects two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-22 Marko Orel

A graph $\Gamma$ is said to be a semi-Cayley graph over a group $G$ if it admits $G$ as a semiregular automorphism group with two orbits of equal size. We say that $\Gamma$ is normal if $G$ is a normal subgroup of ${\rm Aut}(\Gamma)$. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-22 Majid Arezoomand , Mohsen Ghasemi

Let $\Gamma$ be a simple finite graph with vertex set $V(\Gamma)$ and edge set $E(\Gamma)$. Let $\mathcal{R}$ be an equivalence relation on $V(\Gamma)$. The $\mathcal{R}$-super $\Gamma$ graph $\Gamma^{\mathcal{R}}$ is a simple graph with…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-15 Sandeep Dalal , Sanjay Mukherjee , Kamal Lochan

We study graphs coming from quadratic spaces over finite fields via orthogonality which generalize a recent result given by Bishnoi, Ihringer, and Pepe (2019). More precisely, we study the graph $\Gamma^{\square}(n,k,q)$ as follows: the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-24 Semin Yoo

We study cliques in graphs arising from quadratic forms where the vertices are the elements of the module of the quadratic form and two vertices are adjacent if their difference represents some fixed scalar. We determine structural…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-13 Nico Lorenz , Marc Christian Zimmermann