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User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a commonly used protocol for data transmission in small embedded systems. UDP as such is unreliable and packet losses can occur. The achievable data rates can suffer if optimal packet sizes are not used. The…

With the increasing physical event rate and number of electronic channels, traditional readout scheme meets the challenge of improving readout speed caused by the limited bandwidth of crate backplane. In this paper, a high-speed data…

Large LAr TPCs are among the most powerful detectors to address open problems in particle and astro-particle physics, such as CP violation in leptonic sector, neutrino properties and their astrophysical implications, proton decay search…

In high energy physics experiments (HEP), high speed and fault resilient data communication is needed between detectors/sensors and the host PC. Transient faults can occur in the communication hardware due to various external effects like…

Demands on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) data transport have been increasing over the years as frame sizes and refresh rates increase. As the bandwidths requirements increase the ability to implement data transport protocol layers…

TCP/IP network stack is irreplaceable for Web services in datacenter front-end servers, and the demand for which is growing rapidly for emerging high concurrency network service applications (including Internet, Internet of Things, mobile…

With the rapid development of network protocol, TCP/IP has been widely applied in various OS systems because of its advantages of high-speed network transmission and standardization. Furthermore, TCP/IP has the functions of retransmission…

As the development of electronic science and technology, electronic data acquisition (DAQ) system is more and more widely applied to nuclear physics experiments. Workstations are often utilized for data storage, data display, data…

The scheme of the data acquisition (DAQ) architecture in High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments consist of data transport from the front-end electronics (FEE) of the online detectors to the readout units (RU), which perform online processing…

A common theme of data acquisition systems is the transport of data from digitising front-end modules to stable storage and online analysis. A good choice today is to base this on the ubiquitous, commercially and cheaply available Ethernet…

Present state of the art applications in the area of high energy physics experiments (HEP), radar communication, satellite communication and bio medical instrumentation require fault resilient data acquisition (DAQ) system with the data…

As the demand for Internet expands significantly in numbers of users, servers, IP addresses, switches and routers, the IP based network architecture must evolve and change. The design of domain specific processors that require high…

The Precision Time Protocol (PTP), standardized as IEEE 1588, provides sub-microsecond synchronization across distributed systems and underpins critical infrastructure in telecommunications, finance, power systems, and industrial…

Electronic control systems used for quantum computing have become increasingly complex as multiple qubit technologies employ larger numbers of qubits with higher fidelity targets. Whereas the control systems for different technologies share…

We are developing a new readout board with a newer generation field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and the 10-gigabit ethernet to improve the performance and usability of the current readout board based on the 1-gigabit Ethernet. In this…

Clock synchronization procedures are mandatory in most physical experiments where event fragments are readout by spatially dislocated sensors and must be glued together to reconstruct key parameters (e.g. energy, interaction vertex etc.) of…

Scientific computing is rapidly entering a data-intensive era. However, existing general-purpose network protocol stacks face limitations in eliminating data silos and improving data accessibility and interoperability, making it difficult…

Time-tagging units and coincidence detectors are used in many scientific research fields. The required timing resolution and number of input channels are varying, but some emerging experiments in the field of quantum optics require up to 32…

With network requirements diverging across emerging applications, latency-critical services demand minimal logic delay, while hyperscale training and collectives require sustained line-rate throughput for synchronized bulk transfers. This…

FPGA accelerators on the NIC enable the offloading of expensive packet processing tasks from the CPU. However, FPGAs have limited resources that may need to be shared among diverse applications, and programming them is difficult. We present…