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Sponsored search is an indispensable business model and a major revenue contributor of almost all the search engines. From the advertisers' side, participating in ranking the search results by paying for the sponsored search advertisement…
Search engines play a central role in routing political information to citizens. The algorithmic personalization of search results by large search engines like Google implies that different users may be offered systematically different…
Designing search algorithms for finding global optima is one of the most active research fields, recently. These algorithms consist of two main categories, i.e., classic mathematical and metaheuristic algorithms. This article proposes a…
Sponsored search becomes an easy platform to match potential consumers' intent with merchants' advertising. Advertisers express their willingness to pay for each keyword in terms of bids to the search engine. When a user's query matches the…
World Wide Web is a huge repository of information and there is a tremendous increase in the volume of information daily. The number of users are also increasing day by day. To reduce users browsing time lot of research is taken place. Web…
Different search engines provide different outputs for the same keyword. This may be due to different definitions of relevance, and/or to different knowledge/anticipation of users' preferences, but rankings are also suspected to be biased…
Social networks have ensured the expanding disproportion between the face of WWW stored traditionally in search engine repositories and the actual ever changing face of Web. Exponential growth of web users and the ease with which they can…
Geographic location search engines allow users to constrain and order search results in an intuitive manner by focusing a query on a particular geographic region. Geographic search technology, also called location search, has recently…
The rapid adoption of generative AI-powered search engines like ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Gemini is fundamentally reshaping information retrieval, moving from traditional ranked lists to synthesized, citation-backed answers. This shift…
A focused crawler traverses the web selecting out relevant pages to a predefined topic and neglecting those out of concern. While surfing the internet it is difficult to deal with irrelevant pages and to predict which links lead to quality…
Modern commercial Internet search engines display advertisements along side the search results in response to user queries. Such sponsored search relies on market mechanisms to elicit prices for these advertisements, making use of an…
This survey examines the most effective retrieval algorithms utilized in ad recommendation and content recommendation systems. Ad targeting algorithms rely on detailed user profiles and behavioral data to deliver personalized…
Web search engines apply a variety of ranking signals to achieve user satisfaction, i.e., results pages that provide the best-possible results to the user. While these ranking signals implicitly consider credibility (e.g., by measuring…
Blogs are undoubtedly the richest source of information available in cyberspace. Blogs can be of various natures i.e. personal blogs which contain posts on mixed issues or blogs can be domain specific which contains posts on particular…
Most of the web user's requirements are search or navigation time and getting correctly matched result. These constrains can be satisfied with some additional modules attached to the existing search engines and web servers. This paper…
The number of biomedical research articles published has doubled in the past 20 years. Search engine based systems naturally center around searching, but researchers may not have a clear goal in mind, or the goal may be expressed in a query…
In web search, typically a candidate generation step selects a small set of documents---from collections containing as many as billions of web pages---that are subsequently ranked and pruned before being presented to the user. In Bing, the…
There are several ideas being used today for Web information retrieval, and specifically in Web search engines. The PageRank algorithm is one of those that introduce a content-neutral ranking function over Web pages. This ranking is applied…
In the present time, all know about World Wide Web and work over the Internet daily. In this paper, we introduce the search engines working for keywords that are entered by users to find something. The search engine uses different search…
In this article we will look at the PageRank algorithm used as part of the ranking process of different Internet pages in search engines by for example Google. This article has its main focus in the understanding of the behavior of PageRank…