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Large language models (LLMs) and multimodal models have become powerful general-purpose reasoning systems. However, radio-frequency (RF) signals, which underpin wireless systems, are still not natively supported by these models. Existing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-17 Hang Zou , Yu Tian , Bohao Wang , Lina Bariah , Samson Lasaulce , Chongwen Huang , Mérouane Debbah

Massive MIMO, also known as very-large MIMO or large-scale antenna systems, is a new technique that potentially can offer large network capacities in multi-user scenarios. With a massive MIMO system, we consider the case where a base…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Xiang Gao , Ove Edfors , Fredrik Rusek , Fredrik Tufvesson

Millimeter-wave multi-input multi-output (mm-Wave MIMO) systems are one of the candidate schemes for 5G wireless standardization efforts. In this context, the main contributions of this article are three-fold. 1) We describe parallel sets…

In multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), multiple radio frequency (RF) chains are usually required to simultaneously transmit multiple data streams. As a special MIMO technology, spatial modulation (SM) activates one transmit antenna with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Qiang Li , Miaowen Wen , Marco Di Renzo

Accurate beam prediction is a key enabler for next-generation wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose a multimodal large language model (LLM)-based beam prediction framework that effectively utilizes contextual…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Tianhao Mao , Le Liang , Jie Yang , Xiao Li , Shi Jin , Geoffrey Ye Li

We present and analyze a new robust feedback and transmit strategy for multiuser MIMO downlink communication systems, termed Rate Approximation (RA). RA combines the flexibility and robustness needed for reliable communications with the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-10 Gerhard Wunder , Jan Schreck , Peter Jung

Accurate reconstruction of static and rapidly moving targets demands three-dimensional imaging solutions with high temporal and spatial resolution. Radar sensors are a promising sensing modality because of their fast capture rates and their…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Vanessa Wirth , Johanna Bräunig , Martin Vossiek , Tim Weyrich , Marc Stamminger

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is a promising technology for 5G cellular systems. To compensate for the severe path loss in mmWave systems, large antenna arrays are generally used to achieve significant beamforming gains. However,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-08 Yong Zeng , Rui Zhang

Spatial attributes of room acoustics have been widely studied using microphone and loudspeaker arrays. However, systems that combine both arrays, referred to as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, have only been studied to a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-09 Hai Morgenstern , Boaz Rafaely , Franz Zotter

Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is foreseen to be one of the main technology components in next generation cellular communications (5G). In this paper, fundamental limits on the performance of downlink massive MIMO systems are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Fredrik Athley , Giuseppe Durisi , Ulf Gustavsson

Hybrid beamforming is considered a key enabler to realize millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications due to its capability of considerably reducing the number of costly and power-hungry radio frequency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-25 Mengyuan Ma , Nhan Thanh Nguyen , Markku Juntti

This paper proposes a novel scheme for cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CFmMIMO) networks to support any federated learning (FL) framework. This scheme allows each instead of all the iterations of the FL framework to happen…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-16 Tung T. Vu , Duy T. Ngo , Nguyen H. Tran , Hien Quoc Ngo , Minh N. Dao , Richard H. Middleton

New generation of radar systems will need to coexist with other radio frequency (RF) systems, anticipating their behavior and reacting appropriately to avoid interference. In light of this requirement, this paper designs, implements, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-23 Mohammad Alaee-Kerahroodi , Ehsan Raei , Sumit Kumar , Bhavani Shankar Mysore Rama Rao

The rapid proliferation of devices and increasing data traffic in cellular networks necessitate advanced solutions to meet these escalating demands. Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology offers a promising approach,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-09 Adel Heidari , Agrim Gupta , Ish Kumar Jain , Dinesh Bharadia

Beam codebooks are integral components of the future millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system to relax the reliance on the instantaneous channel state information (CSI). The design of these codebooks, therefore,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yu Zhang , Ahmed Alkhateeb

In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient radar beampattern design framework for a Millimeter Wave (mmWave) massive multi-input multi-output (mMIMO) system, equipped with a hybrid analog-digital (HAD) beamforming structure. Aiming to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-11 Zhaoyi Xu , Fan Liu , Konstantinos Diamantaras , Christos Masouros , Athina Petropulu

The highly sparse nature of propagation channels and the restricted use of radio frequency (RF) chains at transceivers limit the performance of millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Introducing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Biao He , Hamid Jafarkhani

This paper presents the current state-of-the-art of massive antenna array architectures with significant front-end hardware savings, as an enabler for future small and powerful cell nodes that will be able to carry massive MIMO technology.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-07-30 Vlasis I. Barousis , Mohammad A. Sedaghat , Ralf R. Müller , Constantinos B. Papadias

In this paper, a massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) testbed that is capable of mimicking realistic 5G new radio (NR) base station (BS) beamforming performance has been utilised to gather experimental-based evidence of 5G BS…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Tian Hong Loh , David Cheadle , Fabien Heliot , Ayodeji Sunday , Micheal Dieudonne

Millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (mmWave-MIMO) systems with small number of radio-frequency (RF) chains have limited multiplexing gain. Spatial path index modulation (SPIM) is helpful in improving this gain by utilizing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-16 Ahmet M. Elbir , Sinem Coleri , Kumar Vijay Mishra