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Quantum error correction codes are usually designed to correct errors regardless of their physical origins. In large-scale devices, this is an essential feature. In smaller-scale devices, however, the main error sources are often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 David Layden , Louisa Ruixue Huang , Paola Cappellaro

Quantum error correction (QEC) aims to mitigate the loss of quantum information to the environment, which is a critical requirement for practical quantum computing. Existing QEC implementations heavily rely on measurement-based feedback,…

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is essential for fault-tolerant quantum copmutation, and its implementation is a very sophisticated process involving both quantum and classical hardware. Formulating and verifying the decomposition of logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Anbang Wu , Gushu Li , Hezi Zhang , Gian Giacomo Guerreschi , Yuan Xie , Yufei Ding

Large-scale quantum computers promise transformative speedups, but their viability hinges on fast and reliable quantum error correction (QEC). At the center of QEC are decoders-classical algorithms running on hardware such as FPGAs, GPUs,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Satvik Maurya , Abtin Molavi , Aws Albarghouthi , Swamit Tannu

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for scalable quantum computing. However, it requires classical decoders that are fast and accurate enough to keep pace with quantum hardware. While quantum low-density parity-check codes have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Andi Gu , J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides , Mikhail D. Lukin , Susanne F. Yelin

Protecting quantum information through quantum error correction (QEC) is a cornerstone of future fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, current QEC-protected logical qubits have only achieved coherence times about twice those of their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Weizhou Cai , Zi-Jie Chen , Ming Li , Qing-Xuan Jie , Xu-Bo Zou , Guang-Can Guo , Luyan Sun , Chang-Ling Zou

A major challenge in performing quantum error correction (QEC) is implementing reliable measurements and conditional feed-forward operations. In quantum computing platforms supporting unconditional qubit resets, or a constant supply of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Stefano Veroni , Markus Müller , Giacomo Giudice

Quantum error correction codes (QECC) are a key component for realizing the potential of quantum computing. QECC, as its classical counterpart (ECC), enables the reduction of error rates, by distributing quantum logical information across…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Yoni Choukroun , Lior Wolf

Experimental realization of stabilizer-based quantum error correction (QEC) codes that would yield superior logical qubit performance is one of the formidable task for state-of-the-art quantum processors. A major obstacle towards realizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 I. A. Simakov , I. S. Besedin , A. V. Ustinov

The purpose of this little survey is to give a simple description of the main approaches to quantum error correction and quantum fault-tolerance. Our goal is to convey the necessary intuitions both for the problems and their solutions in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Julia Kempe

The construction of large, coherent quantum systems necessary for quantum computation remains an entreating but elusive goal, due to the ubiquitous nature of decoherence. Recent progress in quantum error correction schemes have given new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Isaac L. Chuang , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

A quantum error correcting code is a subspace $\mathcal{C}$ such that allowed errors acting on any state in $\mathcal{C}$ can be corrected. A quantum code for which state recovery is only required up to a logical rotation within…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 S. Omkar , R. Srikanth , Subhashish Banerjee

In general, fault-tolerant quantum error correction (FTQEC) procedures are designed to detect, correct, and be fault-tolerant against errors occurring within the qubit subspace. But in some qubit implementations, additional "leakage" errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-09 Ben Fortescue , Sameer Nawaf , Mark Byrd

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for building scalable quantum computers, but a lack of systematic, end-to-end evaluation methods makes it difficult to assess how different QEC codes perform under realistic conditions. The vast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Aleksandra Świerkowska , Jannik Pflieger , Emmanouil Giortamis , Pramod Bhatotia

Many quantum systems are being investigated in the hope of building a large-scale quantum computer. All of these systems suffer from decoherence, resulting in errors during the execution of quantum gates. Quantum error correction enables…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-25 Austin G. Fowler , Adam C. Whiteside , Angus L. McInnes , Alimohammad Rabbani

The states needed in a quantum computation are extremely affected by decoherence. Several methods have been proposed to control error spreading. They use two main tools: fault-tolerant constructions and concatenated quantum error correcting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pedro J. Salas , Angel L. Sanz

Adiabatic quantum computation (AQC) is known to possess some intrinsic robustness, though it is likely that some form of error correction will be necessary for large scale computations. Error handling routines developed for circuit-model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-20 Kevin C. Young , Mohan Sarovar , Robin Blume-Kohout

The storage and processing of quantum information are susceptible to external noise, resulting in computational errors that are inherently continuous A powerful method to suppress these effects is to use quantum error correction. Typically,…

Quantum technologies have shown immeasurable potential to effectively solve several information processing tasks such as prime number factorization, unstructured database search or complex macromolecule simulation. As a result of such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-08 Josu Etxezarreta Martinez

While adiabatic quantum computation (AQC) possesses some intrinsic robustness to noise, it is expected that a form of error control will be necessary for large scale computations. Error control ideas developed for circuit-model quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-20 Kevin C. Young , Mohan Sarovar