Related papers: Fields of View for Environmental Radioactivity
Land topography can affect air radiation dose rates by locating radiation sources closer to, or further from, detector locations when compared to perfectly flat terrain. Hills and slopes can also shield against the propagation of gamma…
The air dose rate in an environment contaminated with 134Cs and 137Cs depends on the amount, depth profile and horizontal distribution of these contaminants within the ground. This paper introduces and verifies a tool that models these…
The geographic structure of radiation dose rates at aircraft altitudes in Earth's atmosphere during the irradiation of Earth by proton spectra from incoming solar particle events is examined using the recently developed MAIRE+ software.…
Worldwide several radiation sources contribute to the delivered dose to the human population. This radiation also acts as natural background when detecting radiation, for instance from radioactive sources. In this work a medium-size plastic…
Subsurface radioactivity may be due to transport of radionuclides from a contaminated surface into the solid volume, as occurs for radioactive fallout deposited on soil, or from fast neutron activation of a solid volume, as occurs in…
The diverse near-Earth radiation environment due to cosmic rays and solar radiation has direct impact on human civilization. In the present and upcoming era of increasing air transfer, it is important to have precise idea of radiation dose…
Under current conditions, the cosmic ray spectrum incident on the Earth is dominated by particles with energies < 1 GeV. Astrophysical sources including high energy solar flares, supernovae and gamma ray bursts produce high energy cosmic…
In order to optimise the design of space instruments making use of detection materials with low atomic numbers, an understanding of the atmospheric neutron environment and its dependencies on time and position is needed. To produce a simple…
Objective To analyze the radiation dose associated with gamma-ray mobile flaw detection, estimate the extent of the supervision and control areas, and assess the associated radiation risks. Methods A combination of theoretical calculations…
The assessment of the radiological impact of a decommissioning Nuclear Power Plant is presented here through the results of an environmental monitoring survey carried out in the area surrounding the Garigliano Power Plant. The levels of…
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays can be measured through the detection of radio-frequency radiation from air showers. The radio-frequency emission originates from deflections of the air-shower particles in the geomagnetic field and from a…
A new approach to study the response of portable gamma detector to terrestrial gamma ray is proposed. This approach is based on two-stage Monte Carlo simulation. First, the probability distributions of the phase space coordinates of the…
The radio detection of cosmic rays consists in the estimation of the properties of a primary cosmic ray by observing the electric field emitted by the extensive air shower (EAS) created when the primary cosmic ray enters the atmosphere.…
The space radiation environment is a complex combination of fast-moving ions derived from all atomic species found in the periodic table. The energy spectrum of each ion species varies widely but is prominently in the range of 400 - 600…
On geological timescales, the Earth is likely to be exposed to an increased flux of high energy cosmic rays (HECRs) from astrophysical sources such as nearby supernovae, gamma ray bursts or by galactic shocks. Typical cosmic ray energies…
The transport of the nuclear cosmic ray flux in the atmosphere is studied and the atmospheric corrections to be applied to the measurements are calculated. The contribution of the calculated corrections to the accuracy of the experimental…
Interactions of grazing incidence, ultra high energy cosmic rays with the earth's atmosphere may provide a new method of studying energetic cosmic rays with gamma-ray satellites. It is found that these cosmic ray interactions may produce…
The flux of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays reaching the Earth is affected by the interactions with the cosmic radiation backgrounds as well as with the magnetic fields that are present along their trajectories. We combine the SimProp cosmic…
The observation of cosmic gamma-rays from the ground is based upon the detection of gamma-ray initiated air showers. At energies between approximately $10^{11}$ eV and $10^{13}$ eV, the imaging air Cherenkov technique is a particularly…
We perform Monte Carlo simulations of cosmic ray-induced hard X-ray radiation from the Earth's atmosphere. We find that the shape of the spectrum emergent from the atmosphere in the energy range 25-300 keV is mainly determined by Compton…