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Electrooptic modulation performs the conversion between the electrical and optical domain with applications in data communication for optical interconnects, but also for novel optical compute algorithms such as providing nonlinearity at the…
High modulation efficiency and a compact footprint are critical for next-generation electro-optic (EO) modulators. We introduce a new class of non-resonant recirculating phase modulators (PMs) that boosts modulation efficiency by repeatedly…
Optical-electrical-optical (OEO) converters are key primitives for low-latency, energy-efficient photonic computing because they enable nonlinear activation and optical signal regeneration on chip. We report two monolithically integrated…
Broadband integrated thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) electro-optic modulators (EOM) are desirable for optical communications and signal processing in both the O-band (1310 nm) and C-band (1550 nm). To address these needs, we design and…
The basic mechanism underlying electric field switching produced by a resonant tunnelling diode (RTD) is analysed and the theory compared with experimental results; agreement to within 12% is achieved. The electro-absorption modulator (EAM)…
We investigate plasmonic modulators with a gain material to be implemented as ultra-compact and ultra-fast active nanodevices in photonic integrated circuits. We analyze metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) waveguides with InGaAsP-based active…
The ability to modulate light using 2-dimensional (2D) materials is fundamentally challenged by their small optical cross-section leading to miniscule modal confinements in diffraction-limited photonics despite intrinsically high…
Here we discuss the physics of electro-optic modulators deploying 2D materials. We include a scaling laws analysis showing how energy-efficiency and speed change for three underlying cavity systems as a function of critical device length…
Electro-optic modulators lie at the heart of complex integration and high density electro-optic systems. One of the representative electro-optic modulators is thin film lithium niobate based microring modulator which has demonstrated…
We investigate a plasmonic electro-optic modulator with an extinction ratio exceeding 1 dB/um by engineering the optical mode to be in-plane with the graphene layer, and show how lowering the operating temperature enables steeper switching.…
Scalable, high-speed, small-footprint photonic switching platforms are essential for advancing optical communication. An effective optical switch must operate at high duty cycles with fast recovery times, while maintaining substantial…
Electro-optic modulators for next-generation optical interconnects require low loss-efficiency products, compact footprints, high modulation efficiency, broad bandwidths, and low losses. Here we propose and demonstrate a low-loss…
In this paper, we present the design and experimental demonstration of a high dynamic range electric field sensor based on electro-optic (EO) polymer directional coupler waveguides that offers the strong and ultra-fast EO response of EO…
Intensity modulators are an essential component in optics for controlling free-space beams. Many applications require the intensity of a free-space beam to be modulated at a single frequency, including wide-field lock-in detection for…
Surface plasmon polaritons can substantially reduce the sizes of optical devices, since they can concentrate light to (sub)wavelength scales. However, (sub)wavelength-scale electro-optic plasmonic switches or modulators with high…
Polymer based electro-optic modulators have shown great potentials in high frequency analog optical links. Existing commercial LiNibO3 Mach-Zehnder modulators have intrinsic drawbacks in linearity to provide high fidelity communication. In…
An efficient electro-optical modulation has been demonstrated here by using an edge plasmon mode specific for the hybrid plasmonic waveguide. Our approach addresses a major obstacle of the integrated microwave photonics caused by the…
Control of components in integrated photonic circuits is crucial in achieving programmable devices. Operation bandwidth of a plasmonic device cannot be generally tuned once it is manufactured, especially in the visible regime. Here, we…
Commercial production of integrated photonic devices is limited by scalability of desirable material platforms. We explore a relatively new photonic material, AlScN, for its use in electro-optic modulation. Its CMOS-compatibility could…
Physical challenges at the device and interconnect level limit both network and computing energy efficiency. While photonics is being considered to address interconnect bottlenecks, optical routing is still limited by electronic circuitry,…