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We report on a low-cost apparatus to extend a photomultiplier tube (PMT) testing setup to operations at high humidity and/or at an elevated temperature. This setup allows a determination of whether a PMT can successfully operate for an…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-09-25 A. Germer , K. Park , C. Skuse , C. Yang , D. S. Parno

The Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier-tube (PMT) is a novel high-quantum efficiency PMT. It is currently used in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector and is of significant interest for future dark matter and neutrino experiments where high…

We have developed an accurate simulation model of the large 9 inch photomultiplier tubes (PMT) used in water-Cherenkov detectors of cosmic-ray induced extensive air-showers. This work was carried out as part of the development of the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-11-20 Alexandre Creusot , Darko Veberic

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with large-area cathodes are increasingly being used in cosmic-ray experiments to enhance detection efficiency. The optical modules (OMs) of the High-Energy Underwater Neutrino Telescope (HUNT) have employed a…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-08-06 Yijiang Peng , Zike Wang , Bo Gao , Yiyue Tang , Mingjun Chen , Kai Li , Ling Ren , Xiaohao You , Maoyuan Liu

We successfully developed a new photomultiplier tube (PMT) with a three-inch diameter, convex-shaped photocathode, R13111. Its prominent features include good performance and ultra-low radioactivity. The convex-shaped photocathode realized…

The Hamamatsu R11410-21 photomultiplier tube is the photodetector of choice for the XENON1T dual-phase time projection chamber. The device has been optimized for a very low intrinsic radioactivity, a high quantum efficiency and a high…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-08 P. Barrow , L. Baudis , D. Cichon , M. Danisch , D. Franco , F. Kaether , A. Kish , M. Lindner , T. Marrodan Undagoitia , D. Mayani , L. Rauch , Y. Wei , J. Wulf

The SABRE Experiment is a direct detection dark matter experiment using a target composed of multiple NaI(Tl) crystals. The experiment aims to be an independent check of the DAMA/LIBRA results with a detector in the Northern (Laboratori…

The detectors based on the liquid scintillator (LS) monitored by an array of photo-multiplier tubes (PMT) are often used in low energy experiments such as neutrino oscillation studies and search for dark matter. Detectors of this kind…

Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) featuring 1 mm gas volumes combined with high-pressure phenolic laminate (HPL) electrodes provide excellent timing resolution down to a few hundred picoseconds, along with spatial resolution on the order of a…

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used underwater in large-scale neutrino experiments. As a hollow glass spherelike structure, implosion is unavoidable during long-term operation under large water pressure. There is a possibility of…

The 64-channel Multianode Photo Multiplier (MaPMT) has been evaluated as a candidate for the LHCb Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) photo detectors. We present result from data taken with a 3x3 array of closely packed MaPMTs mounted onto the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2009-11-10 F. Muheim

The MicroBooNE detector, to be located on axis in the Booster Neutrino Beamline (BNB) at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), consists of two main components: a large liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC), and a…

The Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs) provide excellent timing as well as position resolutions at relatively low cost. Therefore, they can be used in medical imaging applications such as PET where precise timing is a crucial…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-07-23 M. Nizam , B. Satyanarayana , R. R. Shinde , G. Majumder

The PandaX project consists of a series of xenon-based experiments that are used to search for dark matter (DM) particles and to study the fundamental properties of neutrinos. The next DM experiment PandaX-4T will be using 4 ton liquid…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-12-15 Qibin Zheng , Yanlin Huang , Di Huang , Jianglai Liu , Xiangxiang Ren , Anqing Wang , Meng Wang , Jijun Yang , Binbin Yan , Yong Yang

In this paper, we present the design and characterization of a photosensor system developed for the RELICS experiment. An extended dynamic range base was designed to mitigate photomultiplier tube (PMT) saturation caused by intense cosmic…

Transforming the resistive plate chambers from charged-particle into gamma-quanta detectors opens the way towards their application as a basic element of a hybrid imaging system, which combines positron emission tomography (PET) with…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-12 Georgi Georgiev , Nevena Ilieva , Venelin Kozhuharov , Iglika Lessigiarska , Leandar Litov , Borislav Pavlov , Peicho Petkov

Particle physics, when taught in the classroom or lecture theatre, suffers from a lack of practical experience by students. Thus, we describe the construction of a fully working small particle physics detector using state of the art…

It is critical to construct an accurate optical model of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in many applications to describe the angular and spectral responses of the photon detection efficiency (PDE) of the PMTs in their working media. In this…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-04-19 Yaoguang Wang , Guofu Cao , Liangjian Wen , Yifang Wang

Both the future CBM-RICH and the recently upgraded HADES-RICH use Hamamatsu H12700 Multi-Anode Photomultipliers (MAPMTs) as their photon detectors. To test the MAPMTs thoroughly before using them in the detectors, the photon sensors were…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-08-04 J. Förtsch , K. -H. Kampert , V. Patel , C. Pauly , D. Pfeifer

Ultra-high-energy ($>$ 100 TeV) gamma-ray detection benefits from the use of muon detectors (MDs) thanks to their capability of suppressing the cosmic-ray background. More than 1100 8-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), CR365-02-2 from…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-12-30 Yang Li , Kun Jiang , Xiaokun Zhao , Xin Li , Cheng Li , Zebo Tang