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We address in this paper Reinforcement Learning (RL) among agents that are grouped into teams such that there is cooperation within each team but general-sum (non-zero sum) competition across different teams. To develop an RL method that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman , Alec Koppel , Mathieu Laurière , Tamer Başar

We investigate an infinite-horizon time-inconsistent mean-field game (MFG) in a discrete time setting. We first present a classic equilibrium for the MFG and its associated existence result. This classic equilibrium aligns with the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Erhan Bayraktar , Zhenhua Wang

With recent development of artificial intelligence, it is more common to adopt AI agents in economic activities. This paper explores the economic actions of agents, including human agents and AI agents, in an economic game of trading…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-03 Huan Cai , Ziqing Lu , Catherine Xu , Weiyu Xu , Jie Zheng

In this paper we study a mean field model for discrete time, finite number of states, dynamic games. These models arise in situations that involve a very large number of agents moving from state to state according to certain optimality…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2009-03-10 Diogo A. Gomes , Joana Mohr , Rafael R. Souza

This paper develops a mean field game framework for dynamic two-sided matching markets, extending existing matching theory by integrating micro-macro dynamics in two-sided environments. Unlike traditional matching models focusing on static…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Erhan Bayraktar , Dantong Chu , Bohan Li , Ho Man Tai

We develop a financial market model in which a large population of firms chooses dynamic emission strategies under climate transition risk, interacting with both environmentally concerned and neutral investors. Firms face a trade-off…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-24 Pierre Lavigne , Peter Tankov

Recent techniques based on Mean Field Games (MFGs) allow the scalable analysis of multi-player games with many similar, rational agents. However, standard MFGs remain limited to homogeneous players that weakly influence each other, and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Kai Cui , Gökçe Dayanıklı , Mathieu Laurière , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin , Heinz Koeppl

The general picture of game theoretic modeling dealt with here is characterized by a set of big players, also referred to as principals or major agents, acting on the background of large pools of small players, the impact of the behavior of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-12 Vassili N. Kolokoltsov , Oleg A. Malafeyev

We consider a class of Mean Field Games in which the agents may interact through the statistical distribution of their states and controls. It is supposed that the Hamiltonian behaves like a power of its arguments as they tend to infinity,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-06-24 Z Kobeissi

This article considers a mean field game model inspired by crowd motion models in which agents aim at reaching a given target set and wish to minimize a cost consisting of an individual running cost, an individual cost depending on the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Guilherme Mazanti , Laurent Pfeiffer , Saeed Sadeghi Arjmand

Existing multi-agent reinforcement learning methods are limited typically to a small number of agents. When the agent number increases largely, the learning becomes intractable due to the curse of the dimensionality and the exponential…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Yaodong Yang , Rui Luo , Minne Li , Ming Zhou , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang

An important task in the analysis of multiagent systems is to understand how groups of selfish players can form coalitions, i.e., work together in teams. In this paper, we study the dynamics of coalition formation under bounded rationality.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2011-03-03 John Augustine , Ning Chen , Edith Elkind , Angelo Fanelli , Nick Gravin , Dmitry Shiryaev

Mean-field game theory relies on approximating games that are intractable to model due to a very large to infinite population of players. While these kinds of games can be solved analytically via the associated system of partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Anna C. M. Thöni , Yoram Bachrach , Tal Kachman

A novel framework is presented that combines Mean Field Game (MFG) theory and Hybrid Optimal Control (HOC) theory to obtain a unique $\epsilon$-Nash equilibrium for a non-cooperative game with switching and stopping times. We consider the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Dena Firoozi , Ali Pakniyat , Peter E. Caines

We design a market-making model \`a la Avellaneda-Stoikov in which the market-takers act strategically, in the sense that they design their trading strategy based on an exogenous trading signal. The market-maker chooses her quotes based on…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-03-25 Bastien Baldacci , Philippe Bergault , Dylan Possamaï

The purpose of this paper is to provide a complete probabilistic analysis of a large class of stochastic differential games for which the interaction between the players is of mean-field type. We implement the Mean-Field Games strategy…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-10-23 Rene Carmona , Francois Delarue

In this work, we present an application of the probabilistic weak formulation of mean field games (MFG) for modeling liquidity pools in a constant product automated market maker (AMM) protocol in the context of decentralized finance. Our…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Agustín Muñoz González , Juan I. Sequeira , Rafael Orive Illera

In a series of precedent papers, we have presented a comprehensive methodology, termed Field Economics, for translating a standard economic model into a statistical field-formalism framework. This formalism requires a large number of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-05-20 Pierre Gosselin , Aïleen Lotz

We consider a simplified version of the Wealth Game, which is an agent-based financial market model with many interesting features resembling the real stock market. Market makers are not present in the game so that the majority traders are…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-09-24 W. Y. Cheung , K. Y. Michael Wong

This thesis is going to give a gentle introduction to Mean Field Games. It aims to produce a coherent text beginning for simple notions of deterministic control theory progressively to current Mean Field Games theory. The framework…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-03 Athanasios Vasiliadis
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